International Journal of Analysis and Applications

Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of an HIV/AIDS Transmission Model

Ouedraogo Boukary — 2024-12-09

In this article, we present a mathematical model for the transmission of HIV with the compartment of individuals in remission and vertical transmission describing the dynamics of the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a community. In the mathematical analysis of the model, we compute the basic reproduction number R₀ and study the existence and stability of the disease-free equilibrium point. We also formulate an appropriate optimal control problem and study the conditions necessary for disease control to determine the role of preventive measures and treatment in reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Indeed, we study the impact of these control variables taken separately and combined. So we find that treatment is more cost-effective in reducing the spread of HIV than preventive measures. Finally, the numerical results conform to the theoretical analysis.

An Interior Point Algorithm for Quadratic Programming Based on a New Step-Length

Assma Leulmi — 2024-12-09

Interior point methods have seen significant advancements in recent decades for solving linear, semi-definite and quadratic programming. Among these methods, the logarithmic barrier methods based on approximate functions have polynomial convergence and are known for their favorable numerical performance. In this work, a new minorant function for the barrier method is proposed for solving convex quadratic problems with inequality constraints. The proposed minorant function allows to compute the steplength easily and quickly, unlike the line search method, which is computationally intensive and time-consuming. Mathematical results concerning the convergence of the algorithm are established. The numerical comparisons with the inexact Wolfe line search technique show that the proposed method is promising and effective.

A Review on Mathematical Methods to Approximate µ-Values

Mutti-Ur Rehman — 2024-12-09

In this article, we review a number of iterative and analytical techniques to approximate structured singular values or µ-values which is a straightforward generalization of singular values for square and rectangular matrices. The µ-value is a well-known tool which acts as a strong link between numerical linear algebra and control theory. The computation of structured singular value provides a platform to study and discuss stability, performance, and robustness of the system. Furthermore, we review some very important literature that discusses the applications of structured singular values in different areas of engineering.

Orthogonal Stability of Additive Functional Equation in Fuzzy β-Normed Spaces

M. Nila — 2024-12-09

The primary objective of this study is to present a novel form of generalised additive functional equation \(\phi\Big(\sum_{j=1}^{l}j v_{j}\Big)=\sum_{j=1}^{l}j \phi(v_{j}),\) where \(l\geq 2\) with each \(v_{i}\bot v_{j};~ i \neq j =1,2,\cdots,l,\) and derive its solution. Mainly, we examine the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias orthogonal stability of this equation by utilizing two different approaches.

Boundary Layers of Time-Dependent Convection-Diffusion Equations in a Square

Abir Sboui — 2024-12-09

The aim of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior for a class of time-dependent convection-diffusion problems in a square = (0, 1) × (0, 1), which is a simplified model of the Oseen equations. By considering this problem in a square, we theoretically treat the case where parabolic and ordinary boundary layers are present. We construct correctors which absorb the singularities of the limit solution; this allows to obtain an approximation of the viscous solution up to the boundary. The expression of the correctors is giving explicitly and the uniform validity of the approximate solution is then proved.

Distributed State-Dependent with Conjugate Feedback Control

Sh. A. Abd El-Salam — 2024-12-09

Our goal in this work is to study the existence of solution of the Distributed state-dependent integral equation \[x(\ell)~=~a_1(\ell)~+~\int_{0}^{\varphi_1(x(\ell))}f_1(s,y(s))ds,\] with conjugate feedback control \[y(\ell)~=~a_2(\ell)~+~\int_{0}^{\varphi_2(y(\ell))}f_2(s,x(s))ds.\] Then some properties of this solution will be studied like uniqueness, continuous dependence and Hyers-Ulam stability.

Existence and Uniqueness Results for a Coupled System of Nonlinear Hadamard Fractional Differential Equations

Sabbavarapu Nageswara Rao — 2024-12-09

In this paper, we examine the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a system of four-point non-separated Hadamard fractional differential equations. Applying Leray-Schauder’s alternative yields the existence of solutions; Banach’s contraction principle establishes the uniqueness of the solution. Lastly, we provide two examples to demonstrate our results.

Systems of Linear Equations in Generalized b-Metric Spaces

Ahmad Aloqaily — 2024-12-09

This paper introduces a pioneering concept in the realm of metric spaces, specifically focusing on a novel category termed controlled generalized b-metric spaces (CGbMS). The study delves into the investigation of fixed points within CGbMS for self-mappings that exhibit both linear and non-linear contraction characteristics. The analysis establishes the existence and uniqueness of such fixed points, contributing valuable insights into the properties of these spaces. Moreover, the paper extends its impact by exploring diverse applications and implementations derived from the established results. One notable application is the application of these findings in solving systems of linear equations. The comprehensive examination of these applications not only underscores the practical significance of the proposed concept but also offers a broader understanding of its potential utility in various mathematical contexts. In summary, this research not only introduces and rigorously defines the concept of controlled generalized b-metric spaces but also provides a robust theoretical foundation by establishing the existence and uniqueness of fixed points. The exploration of applications, with a focus on solving linear equations, further highlights the practical implications and versatility of the proposed framework within the broader mathematical landscape.

Topological Indices of Inverse Graph for Generalized Quaternion Group

Makkiah Suleiman Makki — 2024-12-09

In this paper, some of the famous and known topological indices for the inverse graph of Generalized quaternion group, including: Hosoya polynomial, Wiener index, hyper-Wiener index, first Zagreb index, second Zagreb index, ABC index, eccentric index, eccentric-connectivity index, total eccentric index, first Zagreb eccentric index, second Zagreb Eccentric index, graph energy index, and Estrada index.

On Intuitionistic Fuzzy n-Controlled Metric Spaces with Application in Economics

Lifang Guo — 2024-12-09

In this paper, we introduce the concept of an intuitionistic fuzzy n-controlled metric space (IFnCMS) by using \(n\) non-comparable functions \(\alpha_{i}:\Sigma\times\Sigma\rightarrow[1,\infty)\) \(\text{(1\(\leq i\leq n\))}\) in the inequalities having the form \(F(\varsigma^{o}_{1},\varsigma^{o}_{n+1},\iota^{o}_{1}+\iota^{o}_{2}+\dots+\iota^{o}_{n})\geq F\left(\varsigma^{o}_{1},\varsigma^{o}_{2},\frac{\iota^{o}_{1}}{\alpha_{1}(\varsigma^{o}_{1},\varsigma^{o}_{2})}\right)\) \(\ast F\left(\varsigma^{o}_{2},\varsigma^{o}_{3},\frac{\iota^{o}_{2}}{\alpha_{2}(\varsigma^{o}_{2},\varsigma^{o}_{3})}\right) \ast \dots \ast F\left(\varsigma^{o}_{n},\varsigma^{o}_{n+1},\frac{\iota^{o}_{n}}{\alpha_{n}(\varsigma^{o}_{n},\varsigma^{o}_{n+1})}\right)\) \(\text{for all } \iota^{o}_{n}>0\) and \(N(\varsigma^{o}_{1},\varsigma^{o}_{n+1},\iota^{o}_{1}+\iota^{o}_{2}+\dots+\iota^{o}_{n})\leq N\left(\varsigma^{o}_{1},\varsigma^{o}_{2},\frac{\iota^{o}_{1}}{\alpha_{1}(\varsigma^{o}_{1},\varsigma^{o}_{2})}\right)\) \(\circ N\left(\varsigma^{o}_{2},\varsigma^{o}_{3},\frac{\iota^{o}_{2}}{\alpha_{2}(\varsigma^{o}_{2},\varsigma^{o}_{3})}\right) \circ \dots \circ N\left(\varsigma^{o}_{n},\varsigma^{o}_{n+1},\frac{\iota^{o}_{n}}{\alpha_{n}(\varsigma^{o}_{n},\varsigma^{o}_{n+1})}\right)\) \(\text{for all } \iota^{o}_{n}>0\). Further, we provide some non-trivial examples and prove several fixed point results by utilizing an intuitionistic fuzzy version of Banach contraction and generalized \(\alpha-\phi-\)intuitionistic fuzzy contractive mapping in the setting of IFnCMS. Furthermore, we present some of its consequences to illustrate the significance of our results. Ultimately, we apply fractional differential equations used in economics to support the main result.

Uncertainty Principles for the Fractional Dunkl Transform

Imen Kallel — 2024-12-09

In this paper, we examine the Donoho–Stark uncertainty principle in the context of the fractional Dunkl transform. We rigorously derive a formulation of the Donoho–Stark uncertainty principle for the fractional Dunkl transform and provide an application that illustrates its practical significance. Furthermore, we introduce a signal restoration algorithm tailored for the fractional Dunkl transform.

Fixed Point Theorems on ℵ-Extended Fuzzy Bipolar b-Metric Spaces

Uma Maheswari Jeevanandam — 2024-11-27

In this paper, we introduce the context of ℵ-Extended fuzzy bipolar b-metric space and prove fixed point theorem. Some of the well-known results in the literature are expanded and generalized by our research. Additionally, we presented applications to integral equation and fractional differential equation.

Approximate Solutions of the Coupled M-Truncated Fractional mKdV System Using the Adomian Decomposition Technique

Khalid A. Alsatami — 2024-11-27

This manuscript employs the Adomian decomposition technique (ADT) to develop solutions for the fractional space-time nonlinear mKdV system, incorporating an M-truncated fractional order and supposed initial conditions. The technique yields a power series expansion solution without the need for linearization, weak nonlinear assumptions, or perturbation theory. Software such as Maple or Mathematica was utilized to compute the Adomian formulas for the solution expansion. This technique can also be utilized for a range of nonlinear fractional-order models in mathematical physics. A graphical analysis is provided to demonstrate the behavior of Adomian solutions and how variations in non-integer order values influence the results. The technique is straightforward, clear, and widely applicable to other nonlinear fractional problems in both physics and mathematics. It is believed that these studies significantly advance our understanding of the nonlinear coupled fractional mKdV system and its potential applications in physics and engineering.

Decision-Making of a New Type of Stochastic Space and Its Associated Operator Ideal

Salah H. Alshabhi — 2024-11-27

We develop and examine the pre-modular space of null variable exponent-weighted backward generalized difference gai sequences of fuzzy functions in this paper. These sequences of fuzzy functions are important contributions to the concept of modular spaces because they have exponent weighting. Using extended s−fuzzy functions as well as this sequence space of fuzzy functions, it has been possible to accomplish an idealization of the mappings. We have presented some topological and geometric properties of this new space, as well as the ideal mappings that correspond to them.

Generalized Nonlinear Variational Inequality Problems with Random Variation

Hussain Gissy — 2024-11-27

This text deals with exploring random solutions for generalized nonlinear variational inequality problems. By leveraging the Fan-KKM theorem and Aumann’s measurable selection theorem, we can establish the existence and uniqueness of random solution sets, given the conditions of monotonicity and convexity. Additionally, we use Minty’s lemma to demonstrate the compactness and convexity of the random solution sets.

Application of Chebyshev Polynomial-Exponential Method and Tamimi-Ansari Method in Dengue Transmission Dynamics: A Comparative Study

K.M. Dharmalingam — 2024-11-27

Dengue virus transmitted by mosquitoes, poses a significant global health threat, affecting millions of people annually. In this paper, we explore the dynamics of a dengue virus transmission model, structured as an epidemiological mathematical framework. The model divides the total population into seven compartments: susceptible humans S(t), exposed humans E(t), infected humans I(t), recovered humans R(t), susceptible mosquitoes M(t), exposed mosquitoes M_E(t), and infected mosquitoes M_I(t). We employed the Chebyshev polynomial-exponential method (CPEM) and Tamimi-Ansari method (TAM) to conduct an in-depth semi-analytical examination of this model. The numerical simulation using MATLAB^® ode45 solver was used to compare the results with CPEM and TAM, validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the obtained solutions. The comparison shows no significant differences between the CPEM with numerical results, which leads to a interesting findings. Additionally, by varying the sensitive parameters, we analyzed the behavior of the different compartments within the model. This investigation provides valuable insights into the responses of dengue transmission under various conditions, demonstrating the potential of novel semi-analytical methods for studying epidemiological models of infectious diseases, which is highly beneficial for researchers in the field.

A New Class of Generalized Starlike Bi-Univalent Functions Subordinated to Legendre Polynomials

Waleed Al-Rawashdeh — 2024-11-27

A new class of generalized starlike bi-univalent functions is introduced in this paper, which is defined using Legendre Polynomials within the open unit disk D. This paper sheds a light on the properties and behaviors of these starlike bi-univalent functions, providing estimations for the modulus of the initial Taylor series coefficients of the functions falling under this particular class and one of its various subclasses. Additionally, this paper also investigates the classical Fekete-Szegö functional problem for functions f that are part of the aforementioned class. Moreover, we obtain the classical Fekete-Szegö inequalities of functions belonging to this class and to one of its various subclasses.

Control and Function Projective Synchronization of 3D Chaotic System

M. M. El-Dessoky — 2024-11-27

In this paper, we study a linear feedback control to dampen the chaotic behavior of a 3D dynamic system. Based on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, the conditions are determined to achieve control. Furthermore, function projective synchronization (FPS) between two identical 3D chaotic systems is demonstrated. The proof of asymptotic stability of solutions for the error dynamical system depends on the negative eigenvalues of the system. Additionally, numerical simulations are utilized to demonstrate the impact and effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Magneto Dynamic Stability of Bounded Cylindrical Streaming Fluid Jet Pervaded by Toroidal Magnetic Field

Mohamed H. Hendy — 2024-11-27

The hydromangetic stability of bounded fluid jet under the influence of the electromagnetic (with toroidal varying field) force has been developed. A general dispersion relation valid for all modes of perturbation is derived. The geometric factor q which is the radii ratio of the tenuous-fluid regions plays an important role for stabilizing the model. The axial and transvers magnetic fields interior and exterior the fluid jet are stabilizing. The magnetic fields decrease the streaming destabilizing domains and at the same time give a sort or rigidity to the fluid molecules. For any value of the applying magnetic field strength, the instability character of the streaming model could be suppressed and dispersed. These results are confirmed numerically upon using computer programs.

Analytical Solution of Rate Equations Including Frequency Chirp of Modulated Quantum-Well Laser with Carrier Transport Processes

Moustafa Ahmed — 2024-11-27

When used as light sources in modern fiber communication systems, the modulation bandwidth and chirp are crucial characteristics of high-speed quantum well (QW) lasers. These parameters are primarily constrained by two factors; namely, the transport of charge carriers in the separate confinement heterojunction (SCH) layer and their escape processes in the QW. To analyze the frequency chirp theoretically, a fourth rate equation is added to the existing system of three coupled rate equations, which describe the photon number in the QW and carrier numbers in both the QW and SCH layers. This study employs small-signal analysis to linearize these coupled equations and derives analytical expressions for both the intensity modulation (IM) response and its associated frequency chirp. The chirp is quantified using two metrics, first the chirp per modulated current (CCR), and second the chirp per modulated power (CPR). These analytical expressions are presented in a generalized form, making them applicable to any nonlinear gain mathematical formulation found in the literature. Through numerical calculations applied to high-speed QW lasers, we investigate the individual effects of transport and escape times on the frequency chirp. Our findings demonstrate that CCR reaches its minimum under two specific conditions: when the transport process is relaxed with a relatively long transport time, and when carrier escape in the QW occurs rapidly with a very short escape time. Notably, we found that CPR remains independent of the transport processes.

Exploring the relationship between ESG Practices and Financial Performance of Vietnamese Companies

Tang My Sang — 2024-11-27

This study investigates the relationship between ESG practices and financial performance among the top 100 companies in Vietnam, as listed in the VN100 Index during 2017-2023. The authors use the Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects Model, and Random Effects Model approaches. The analysis reveals no statistically significant relationship between ESG and financial performance. The findings underscore the influence of traditional financial factors such as firm age, firm size, financial leverage, and economic growth rate, highlighting their importance in financial assessments. This paper adds to the increasing body of research on ESG performance in emerging markets by arguing that to promote deeper ESG integration, there is a need for increased regulatory support as well as investor education. The increasing influence of global sustainability norms necessitates an understanding of these dynamics within emerging markets such as Vietnam to align corporate strategies with investor expectations and international standards. Additional research is suggested to track how ESG factors affect financial performance as market conditions and investor perceptions shift.

Structural Derivations in Hilbert Algebras by Endomorphisms

Aiyared Iampan — 2024-11-18

This work introduces the concept of f-derivations in Hilbert algebras, exploring its theoretical foundation alongside a series of illustrative examples. We examine fundamental properties associated with f-derivations through rigorous analysis, shedding light on their algebraic structure and behaviour. In particular, we demonstrate that the kernel Ker_df(A) constitutes a near filter (subalgebra), while the fixed set Fix_df(f) forms a subalgebra within the Hilbert algebra A. These results provide new insights into the interaction between derivations and substructures in Hilbert algebras, offering potential avenues for further exploration in algebraic logic and related fields.

Numerical Identification of Boundary Condition for Reaction-Advection-Diffusion Partial Differential Equation

Bader Saad Alshammari — 2024-11-18

In this study, we consider a reaction-advection-diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs) in a plane domain with missed boundary data. We applied both the KMF algorithm and the conjugate gradient method to reconstruct the missed data by using the spectral element method. Several numerical examples were given illustrating the convergence of the used algorithms.

Uncertainty Principles for the Weinstein Wavelet Transform

Amel Touati — 2024-11-11

In the present paper we explore the localization properties of the Weinstein continuous wavelet transform via entropy and we introduce a version of L^p local uncertainty inequalities.

Inertial Bilevel Variational Monotone Inclusion Problem in Banach Spaces

Ikechukwu Godwin Ezugorie — 2024-11-11

In this paper, we study accelerated Halpern-type iterative method for finding zero solution of sum of two monotone operators which solves variational inequality problem of inverse strongly monotone mapping in 2-uniformly convex and uniformly smooth real Banach spaces. The strong convergence of our proposed method is establish under some standard conditions imposed on parameters. Our theorems generalize many recently announced results in the literature.

A New Operational Matrices Based-Technique for Fractional Integro Reaction-Diffusion Equation Involving Spatiotemporal Variable-Order Derivative

Moustafa Ahmed — 2024-11-11

In this article, a novel generalized model of the nonlinear fractional integro-reaction-diffusion equation (NFIRDE) with spatiotemporal variable-order (SVO) is introduced, where the variable order derivatives are equipped with the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) sense. This model represents a great generalization of a significant type of NFIRDE and their applications. Moreover, A novel, efficient and fully spectral shifted Legendre tau technique is developed to solve the proposed model. Despite the difficulty of applying this mechanism to solve this type of equations, due to the presence of nonlinear terms and the SVO functions that appear in the traditional differential and integral operational matrices. We deduce some new operational matrices that play the fundamental role in facilitating the implementation of the tau method. These operational matrices represent the SVO ABC-derivative, the integro term within the model, as well as the vector multiplications with the space-time Kronecker product. As a result, the proposed model is restructured into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which simplifying the solving process. We illustrate our method’s effectiveness and validity with numerical examples with both smooth and non-smooth solutions. Our findings show that the proposed tau method delivers accurate results and exhibits non-local properties.

Exploring Novel Fixed Point Solutions in Boundary Value Problems

Ahmad Aloqaily — 2024-11-11

Within this manuscript, we present an innovative concept of contraction, building upon the foundation laid by Jleli and Samet. Subsequently, we introduce the concept of θ-contractions. Leveraging these novel ideas, we formulate a series of fresh fixed-point theorems applicable to spaces utilizing the Controlled Branciari metric. Notably, our approach integrates and consolidates diverse fixed-point outcomes, eliminating the necessity for the Hausdorff assumption. To illustrate the practicality of our findings, we provide examples and applications to boundary value problems associated with fourth-order differential equations.

A Novel Approach for Time-Local Fractional Solutions of Certain Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Fractal Dimension

M. Jneid — 2024-11-11

Time-local fractional approaches for nonlinear partial differential equations in fractal dimensions are essential for capturing the complex, irregular behaviors found in fractal systems. In this paper, a new modification of the local fractional Laplace variational iteration method (MLFLVIM) for obtaining analytical approximate solutions to the fractional gas dynamics equation, fractional Stefan equation, and fractional Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation within the context of fractal time space is presented. The proposed method (MLFLVIM) elegantly combines the local fractional Laplace transform (LFLT) with modified variational iteration method. Specifically, we first apply the (LFLT) to the given local fractional PDEs, yielding a transformed system of equations. We then apply modified variational iteration to this system. Finally, we use the inverse of (LFLT) to obtain the desired solution. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, we implement it on three numerical physical problems. The results show that the (MLFLVIM) can successfully handle these nonlinear LFPDEs and provide accurate analytical approximation solutions.

New Properties of Frames

Hamid Faraj — 2024-11-11

Let H be a finite-dimentional complex Hilbert space and l²(H) is the space of square summable sequences in H. We will give a new characterization of a frame for H, we give our definition of a frame for the Hilbert space l²(H), we also define and give the properties of the frame operator. We equally show that our definition is equivalent to the definition of a frame for the Hilbert space H. Finally, we give a way to construct frames for l²(Hⁿ) from frames for l²(H^p) such that p<n via fusion frame theory.

Some Separation Axioms via Soft Somewhat Open Sets

Wafa Alqurashi — 2024-11-11

It is commonly known that some topological spaces include structures that may be used to expand abstract notions. somewhat open sets and soft sets is such sort of structures. We obtain several properties and symmetry of the soft somewhat-R₀ spaces and soft somewhat-R₁ spaces obtained. Furthermore, we present new theorems and results and investigated relation between this concepts and the other structures.

On the Non-Linearity of S-Type Variable Exponent Absolutely Summable New Difference Sequence Space

Arafa O. Mustafa — 2024-11-11

This article presents the domain of general quantum difference in Nakano sequence space. Some topological and geometric behavior, the multiplication mappings defined on it, and the spectrum of mapping ideals constructed by this space and s−numbers have been introduced. Existing results are constructed by controlling the general quantum difference and power of this new space, which is a major strength.

Estimation of Epidemiological Parameters for COVID-19 Cases in Burkina Faso Using African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA)

Haoua Tinde — 2024-10-31

In this paper, we present a mathematical model that accounts for virus transmission through deceased individuals to simulate the dynamics of COVID-19 spread in Burkina Faso. The existence and uniqueness of the model’s solution have been proven. The basic reproduction number was calculated using the Jacobian determinant method. The stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points was studied. To estimate the model parameters, we used African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA). We then used this algorithm to estimate the parameters of the developed model using daily reported COVID-19 cases in Burkina Faso from March 11 to April 20, 2020. The results obtained show that the proposed model is more realistic for simulating the spread of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso.

A New Flexible Extension of the XLindley Distribution with Properties and Application on Income Tax and Carbon Fibers Data

Amani Alrumayh — 2024-10-31

A new and enhanced extension of the XLindley distribution termed the sized-biased XLindley distribution (SBXLD), has been introduced. This new model explores two specific variants: the length-biased XLindley distribution and the area-biased XLindley distribution. Various crucial properties such as moments, moment generating function, quantile function, survival, and hazard functions, mean residual life function, and Rényi entropy have been derived and extensively investigated. For parameter estimation, five distinct methods have been employed to estimate the model parameters. Through a comprehensive simulation study, the most effective estimation method has been identified. The applicability and efficiency of the SBXLD model have been demonstrated using two datasets from different domains. It has been observed that the SBXLD model effectively analyzed these datasets and yielded superior results compared to other competitive distributions under consideration.

Generalised Ulam-Hyers Stability Analysis for System of Additive Functional Equation in Fuzzy and Random Normed Spaces: Direct and Fixed Point Approach

P. Agilan — 2024-10-31

In this article, a new system of Functional Equations is proposed. The Ulam-Hyers stability of this class of equations is investigated using the product, sum, and mixed product-sum of powers of norms, as well as the general control function. The stability analysis is carried out in random and fuzzy normed spaces using fixed point and direct methods. One of the unique and interesting aspects of this study is that, three new and different kinds of FEs have been introduced and the stability analysis is derived for all three equations simultaneously.

η̈-Ricci Soliton and Its Applications on φ-Recurrent LP Sasakian Manifold

Pankaj Pandey — 2024-10-31

The objective of this paper is to study the φ-recurrent nature and application of LP-Sasakian manifold associated with η̈ -Ricci soliton. Initially, we introduce an example to show the existance of LP Sasakian manifold equipped with η̈ -Ricci soliton. The idea of Ricci soliton recognized as a generalization of an Einstein metric and governing as the solution of partial differential equations representing Ricci flow. Some conditions have been obtained representing the nature of soliton (expanding, unchanged and shrinkingness) in pseudo projective, Weyl projective and semi generlized curvature with φ-recurrent condition. The application of η̈ -Ricci Soliton on spacetime also discussed.

Fractional-Order Mathematical Modeling of Breast Cancer: Comparing Adaptive Immune Responses and Estrogen Dynamics with Experimental Data

Abeer S. Alnahdi — 2024-10-31

Breast cancer is a significant global health concern that requires innovative approaches to understand its behavior and improve treatment strategies. This paper introduces a new fractional-order mathematical model to explain the complex dynamics of breast cancer progression, including adaptive immune responses and estrogen dynamics. Utilizing Caputo fractional derivatives, our model reveals insights into the impact of fractional-order dynamics on cancer cell populations. Simulation results demonstrate a notable increase in cell populations with higher fractional orders, suggesting heightened aggressiveness, while lower orders correspond to subdued progression. Unlike traditional integer-order models, fractional-order derivatives offer a more nuanced depiction of nonlinear dynamics, crucial for capturing the complexities of cancer progression. Importantly, our findings underscore the potential clinical relevance of fractional-order models in informing personalized treatment strategies, particularly through the modulation of estrogen levels. By integrating treatment considerations, such as hormone therapy, our model holds promise for advancing precision medicine approaches tailored to individual patient characteristics.

Modeling the Process of Critical Exhaustion of Oxygen in a River Caused by Exponential Source of Pollution

Naowarat Manitcharoen — 2024-10-31

The analysis and improvement of the river's change dynamics are critical to the global investigation of water quality issues. This study investigates the mathematical model representation of one dimension of a pair of advection-dispersion equations. These equations pertain to the concentrations of both pollutants and dissolved oxygen. Certain terms, which demonstrate an increase in the decay rate of pollution through exponential sources and assume a decreasing river's cross-sectional measurement, lead to the diminished oxygen levels observed in this study. The crucial points are demonstrated using both analytical and numerical analysis of the steady-state model, which allows for examining multiple situations about the elimination of oxygen and aquatic survival in a river with severe pollution.

The Convergence Solution of Mixed Variational-Hemivariational Inequality Problems

Salahuddin — 2024-10-31

In this paper, we considered a mixed variational-hemivariational inequality problem in a reflexive Banach space with a set of constraints, a nonlinear operator, a sequence generated for data perturbation, and a parameter. We proved the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the problem and its perturbation. The research focuses on the strong convergence of the sequences suggested by the problem.

Inequalities for the Davis-Wielandt Radius of Operators in Hilbert C∗-Modules Space

Mohammed Hassaouy — 2024-10-31

The content of this paper presents a fresh method of studying the Davis–Wielandt radius of bounded operators on Hilbert C∗-modules. Using this method, we arrive at new results that improve upper and lower bounds for the Davis-Wielandt radius and generalize known theorems for bounded operators on Hilbert spaces to bounded adjointable operators on Hilbert C∗-module spaces.

Bipolar Fuzzy Magnified Translation of a Lattice

U. Venkata Kalyani — 2024-10-31

In this article, we introduce the bipolar fuzzy (BF) level subsets of a lattice, and we prove the characterisation BF level subset B in terms of L forms a bipolar fuzzy lattice (BFL) and a bipolar fuzzy ideal (BFI). We show that if B forms a BFL of L, then the support set Supp(B) is a crisp sublattice of L. Also, we show that the converse necessarily does not hold in general, and we also proved the results for BFI. Moreover, we introduce and explore the concept of bipolar fuzzy magnified translation (BFMT) of a BFS. Also, we characterize a BFL and a BFI in terms of a BFMT. We show that the homomorphic image and pre-image of a BFMT of a BFL is also a BFL, and the BFMT of a BFI is also a BFI.

The Influence of TAM, Perceived Risk, and Trust on the Financial Performance of Multi-finance Companies Utilizing GPS Tracker Applications

Alamsyah — 2024-10-31

This study investigates the influence of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived risk, and trust on the financial performance of multi-finance companies utilizing GPS tracker applications. As technology adoption in the multi-finance sector grows, understanding these factors becomes crucial for optimizing financial outcomes. A quantitative research design involved a cross-sectional survey of multi-finance companies using GPS tracker applications. Data were collected from 150 managers and financial officers through structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships between TAM constructs (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness), perceived risk, trust, and financial performance. The results indicate that perceived ease of use and usefulness significantly enhance trust in GPS tracker applications, positively impacting financial performance. Conversely, perceived risk negatively moderates the relationship between trust and financial performance.

On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Pretopology

A. A. Azzam — 2024-10-22

This paper defines the following terms: intuitionistic fuzzy soft (IFS) pretopological space, IFS interior function, IFS pre-open set, IFS pre-closed set, trace of a IFS pretopology, IFS separation axioms, IFS subspace, IFS compactness, IFS connectedness, and some of their properties. In addition, the degree of soft non-vacuity, the soft α-cut, and the IFS preneighbourhood system at a soft point are defined. IFS preneighbourhoods produce IFS pretopologies.

Exploring Double Composed Partial Metric Spaces: A Novel Approach to Fixed Point Theorems

Fatima M. Azmi — 2024-10-22

This paper innovatively extends partial metric spaces to introduce double composed partial metric space (DCPMS). Unlike traditional metrics, DCPMS replaces the triangle inequality with a nuanced form, integrating control functions into the metric. Building upon Ayoob et al.’s work, this novel generalization focuses on establishing fixed point theorems for DCPMS, contributing to the evolving landscape of mathematical analysis in this unique domain.

Solving Nonlinear Difference Equations: Insights from Three-Dimensional Systems and Numerical Examples

Najmeddine Attia — 2024-10-22

This paper presents a study on nonlinear difference equation systems of 6k + 3 order. The equations are of the form p_n+1 =p_n−(6k+2) / (±1±q_n−2k r_n−(4k+1) p_n−(6k+2)), q_n+1 =q_n−(6k+2) / (±1±r_n−2kp_n−(4k+1) q_n−(6k+2)),r_n+1 =r_n−(6k+2) / (±1± p_n−2kq_n−(4k+1) r_n−(6k+2)), k ≥ 0 where n is a non-negative integer (belonging to the set N0 = N ∪ {0}) and the starting values p_−l , q_−l , r_−l, l ∈ {0, 1, . . . , 6k+2} are arbitrary nonzero real numbers. We propose a systematic approach to solve this system, introducing a novel technique to find explicit solutions. The main outcomes of our study are the explicit solutions derived from the considered system. The study examines four different cases of this system and provides numerical examples to illustrate the results. The numerical examples demonstrate the behavior of the system for various initial conditions. The study is concluded with graphical representations of the solutions for each case, providing insights into the behavior of the systems.

Recursive Computation of Rayleigh- Rayleigh Distribution via Ordered Random Variates

M. I. Khan — 2024-10-22

Ordered random variables (ORVs) are of great importance in statistical science. These random variables are organized in increasing order called generalized order statistics (GOS). It has tremendous applications in engineering and science due to the inclusion of ordered random variables. This article addresses recursive moments of Rayleigh-Rayleigh distribution using order random variables. Such moments are applicable in studying the characteristics of random variables in increasing order such as time to failure of an electronic devices. The characterization result is also obtained by simple moments.

Approximating Fixed Point of (α, β, γ)-Nonexpansive Mapping Using Picard-Thakur Iterative Scheme

Maha Noorwali — 2024-10-22

In this paper, we explore the fixed point approximation of (α, β, γ)–nonexpansive mappings using the Picard-Thakur iterative scheme. We identify the efficiency of Picard-Thakur iterative scheme through a numerical example by comparing it with other iterative schemes. We also proved strong and weak fixed point convergence theorems for (α, β, γ)–nonexpansive mappings by using Picard-Thakur iterative scheme.

Exploring the Influence of Generalized Kernels on Green’s Function in Fractional Differential Equations

Sarah Aljohani — 2024-10-22

The basic purpose of this article is to define the Green’s function in order to provide the solution of fractional differential equations in the presence of general analytic kernel. Using the technique of Laplace and Fourier transforms, we construct the Green’s function for ordinary and partial fractional differential equations. The presented results will provide the generalization of some models existing in the literature. Some examples are also provided to prove the results for some particular cases.

Development of Two Methods for Estimating High-Dimensional Data in the Case of Multicollinearity and Outliers

Ahmed A. El-Sheikh — 2024-10-22

High-dimensional problems involve datasets or models characterized by a substantial number of variables or parameters prevalent across various domains such as statistics, machine learning, optimization, physics, and engineering. Challenges in these scenarios include computational complexity, data sparsity, over-fitting, and the curse of dimensionality. This study introduces two innovative techniques that combine the Random Forest machine learning approach with both the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and the elastic net, which are statistical methodologies tailored to address high-dimensional challenges. We compared performance evaluations of these hybrid methods against traditional statistical approaches and standalone machine learning methods. The assessment is conducted using goodness-of-fit measures and involves both Monte Carlo simulation and a real-world application. The findings show that the strategies proposed in this study exhibit superior performance compared to conventional approaches when tackling high-dimensional challenges.

In Vivo Dynamics of HIV-1 Infection With Impaired Antibody Immunity and Three General Infection Mechanisms

Reham H. Halawani — 2024-10-15

In this paper we investigate two generalized human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) dynamics models with impaired antibody immunity. The models include both latently and actively infected cells. Three infection mechanisms are incorporated into the models, viral infection mechanism (VIM), latent cellular infection mechanism (CIM) and active CIM. The three infection rates are provided by generic nonlinear functions. The second model includes three types of distributed time delays. We find that our models are biologically feasible. The global stability analysis of equilibria are performed and found the basic reproduction ratio (R₀) as a threshold parameter. Using Lyapunov method we show that, the virus-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R₀≤1 and the virus-persistence equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R₀>1. Sensitivity analysis on R₀ is studied. To support our theoretical results we provide some numerical simulations. We have demonstrated that R₀ is influenced by all three of the infection types, and that if one of them were ignored, R₀ would be underestimated. This might lead to inadequate medication effectiveness that aims to remove HIV-1 from the body. The effects of time delay and impaired antibody immunity on HIV-1 progression are examined. According to our research, lowered immunity is a significant factor in the infection's growth. Furthermore, time delays might drastically reduce R₀, which would prevent HIV-1 from replicating. The information provided by our research in this work can improve our comprehension of HIV-1 dynamics within-host and provide guidance for the creation of novel pharmacological treatments.

Legendre Polynomials and Techniques for Collocation in the Computation of Variable-Order Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equations

Thwiba A. Khalid — 2024-10-15

The paper discusses a numerical approach to solving complicated partial differential equations, with a particular emphasis on fractional advection-dispersion equations of space-time variable order. With the use of fractional derivative matrices, Legendre polynomials, and numerical examples and comparisons, it surpasses current methods by utilizing spectral collocation techniques. It resolves equations involving spatial and time variables that are variable-order fractional advection–dispersion (VOFADE). Legendre polynomials serve as basis functions in this method, whereas Legendre operational matrices are employed for fractional derivatives. The technique is more computationally efficient since it reduces fractional advection–dispersion equations to systems of algebraic equations. Numerical examples and a comparison with current approaches illustrate the method’s superior performance in solving complicated partial differential equations, especially in the context of transport processes.

A Comprehensive View of the Solvability and Stability of a Feedback Control Problem with a State-Dependent Delay Implicit Pantograph Equation

Ahmed M.A. El-Sayed — 2024-10-15

In this paper, we examine the existence of a unique solution of a feedback control problem with an implicit state-dependent pantograph equation. Additionally, the study implements the problem’s Hyers-Ulam stability and the continuous dependence of the unique solution on the initial data and the parameters. Furthermore, we investigate this problem in the absence of feedback control. We also provide some examples to illustrate our results.

External Direct Product JU-Algebras

Chatsuda Chanmanee — 2024-10-15

Lingcong and Endam introduced the idea of the direct product of a finite family of B-algebras. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the direct product of an infinite family of JU-algebras, which we call the external direct product. This is a general concept of the direct product in the sense of Lingcong and Endam. The result is based on different types of subsets of JU-algebras. These include JU-subalgebras, JU-ideals, p-ideals, t-ideals, strong JU-ideals, JU-filters, comparative JU-filters, and implicative JU-filters. Also, we introduce the concept of the weak direct product of JU-algebras. Finally, we provide several fundamental theorems of (anti-)JU-homomorphisms in view of the external direct product JU-algebras.

Operation on Generalized Semi Open Sets in Bitopological Spaces

F. H. Khedr — 2024-10-15

The aim of this paper is to more contribute the study of operations on bitopological spaces. The concept of operation on generalized semi open sets in bitopological spaces is introduced and studied. Two closure operators related to this concept are introduced and some of their properties and the relation between them are discussed.

Applications of Strongly Deferred Weighted Convergence in the Environment of Uncertainty

Sonali Sharma — 2024-10-15

In the context of uncertainty theory, we present strongly deferred weighted convergence of complex uncertain sequences. Also, we introduce strongly deferred weighted convergence of complex uncertain sequences in all five aspects of uncertainty, that is through almost surely, mean, measure, distribution and uniformly almost surely. Further, with the aid of interesting examples and diagram we investigate some interrelationships among these complex uncertain sequences.

Almost ∗-Ricci Soliton on α-paraSasakian Manifold

Kanika Sood — 2024-10-03

It has been noted that if the ∗-Ricci tensor used to define ∗-Ricci soliton is a constant multiple of the metric tensor g(e_i,e_j), for all e_i, e_j orthogonal to characteristic vector field ξ, then the manifold is ∗-Einstein manifold. The metric associated with ∗-Einstein manifold is ∗-Einstein metric, and the ∗-Ricci soliton is its generalization. In this paper we study an almost ∗-Ricci soliton (g, W, λ) and an almost gradient ∗-Ricci soliton (g, grad (ρ), λ) by means of mathematical operators on (2m+1)-dimensional α-paraSasakian manifold S^2m+1.

Novel Investigations of m-Bi-Ideals and Generators in b-Semirings with Extended Operator Frameworks

M. Suguna — 2024-10-03

In this study, we introduce novel types of m-quasi-ideals and m-bi-ideals in the context of b-semirings, expanding the scope of algebraic structures in this field. We provide detailed characterizations of these ideals, focusing on their distinct properties and interactions within b-semirings. Utilizing an algebraic approach, we elucidate the fundamental properties of m-bi-ideals, examining their behavior and structural role. Additionally, we explore the generators of m-bi-ideals and offer characterizations based on their relationship with bi-ideals. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of m-ideals and m-bi-ideals, opening new avenues for further research in algebraic theory and the study of semirings.

Analytical Solutions for a Nonlinear Quadratic Delayed Functional Integral Inclusion With Feedback Control on the Real Half-Line

Ahmed M. A. El-Sayed — 2024-10-02

Let E be a reflexive Banach space. In this research, we are interested in the solvability of the nonlinear quadratic delayed functional integral inclusion (NQDFII) with a feedback control condition on the real half-axis. Our examination is found within the space BC(R₊, E) of bounded continuous functions on the real half-axis R₊ and takes values in a reflexive Banach space E beneath the assumption that the set-valued function G satisfy Lipschitz condition in E. The base we depend on in this study is the procedure related to a measure of noncompactness in the space BC(R₊, E) by a given norm of continuity and applying Darbo’s fixed point theorem. Moreover, the asymptotic stability of the solution and the asymptotic dependency of the solution on the set of selections S_G will be examined. Also, we give an example to illustrate the adequacy and esteem of our comes about.

Orlicz Extension of New Sequence Spaces Engendered by the Composition of Binomial Matrix and Double Band Matrix

Seema Jamwal — 2024-10-02

The present paper is emphasis on introducing Orlicz extension of new sequence spaces (i.e b^r,s₀(M,G), b^r,s_c(M,G) and b^r,s_∞(M,G)) by way of the composition of binomial matrix and double band matrix, which are BK-spaces, moreover we prove that these spaces are linearly isomorphic to the spaces l∞, c0 and c. We also derive some inclusion relations. Additionally, we find the Schauder basis for these spaces and finally we also determine the α−, β− and γ− duals of these spaces.

On Pair of Compatible Mappings and Coincidence Point Theorems in b-Metric Spaces

Anjana — 2024-10-02

The main goal of this study is to give two different results for a couple of compatible self-mappings. The first result provides the necessary condition for the existence of a coincidence point for a pair of mappings that are partially weakly increasing in partially ordered b-metric spaces. Additionally, we establish a fixed point result in order to guarantee the uniqueness of common fixed points for pair of maps satisfying the b-(E.A.) Property. Our findings extends and improve well established results of existing literature. In order highlight the distinctiveness of our main theorems, two discrete examples with Tabular and Graphical representations are also presented.

Periodically and Stability Properties of a Higher Order Rational Difference Equation

B. S. Alofi — 2024-10-02

The aim of this research is to study the local, global, and boundedness of the difference equation
T_η+1 = r + p₁T_η−l1/ T_η−m1 + p₂T_η−l1 / T_η−m2 + ... + p_sT_η−l1 / T_η−ms,
where l₁, m₁, m₂, ..., m_s, s, are positive real numbers. It also studies periodic solutions of special case of this equation. Finally, numerical examples are given to confirm results.

Discrepancies in Euclidean Operator Radii in Hilbert C∗-Modules

M.H.M. Rashid — 2024-10-02

In this research, we establish precise limits for the Euclidean operator radius of two bounded linear operators operating within a Hilbert C∗-module over A. Furthermore, our work establishes a connection between these limits and recent research findings that provide accurate upper and lower bounds for the numerical radius of linear operators. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore various specific scenarios of interest and extend existing inequalities found in the literature to encompass the Euclidean radius of two operators in a Hilbert A-module. Additionally, our study presents conclusions that reveal relationships between the operator norm, the typical numerical radius of a composite operator, and the Euclidean operator radius. Furthermore, we introduce several new inequalities involving the Euclidean numerical radius and Euclidean operator norm of 2-tuple operators. These inequalities offer both lower and upper bounds for the Euclidean numerical radius of 2-tuple operators, as well as for the sum and product of 2-tuple operators. We also delve into the study of Euclidean numerical radius inequalities for 2×2 operator matrices whose entries consist of 2-tuple operators, leading to the derivation of some Euclidean operator radius inequalities. Additionally, we establish an inequality for the Euclidean operator norm of 2×2 operator matrices.

The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Business Performance and Smart Economy Integration: A Case Study of Thailand’s Retail Industry

Wissanuphong Wongwas — 2024-10-02

This research examines the relationship between digital transformation, business performance, and the smart economy. The study uses a purposive sampling method with a quota approach, targeting business owners or managers from traditional retail businesses in smart cities across Thailand. 389 usable responses were collected and analyzed in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Digital transformation positively correlates with business performance. Moreover, both digital transformation and business performance positively impact the smart economy. The findings support that digital transformation enhances business performance and contributes to the smart economy in retail operations, improving customer experiences and fostering smart economies. This study advances the academic understanding of digital transformation in Thailand’s retail sector, confirming the relevance of the TOE framework. The findings provide practical insights for retail businesses seeking to enhance performance and integrate with the smart economy through digital transformation.

A Novel Distribution in the Family of Lifetime Distributions for Enhancing Predictive Modeling for Medical and Engineering Data

Muhammad Farooq — 2024-10-02

In nearly all scientific disciplines, the statistical inference about the population rely on handling the sampled data. In the time to event analysis, there are many lifetime distributions to model variation of the lifetime observations based on the shape of hazard rate of the data. In the literature, it has been observed that for non-monotonic hazard the existing distributions do not provide good fits. Practically it is not possible for a distribution to fit any kind of data. Therefore, in this study, a new lifetime distribution is suggested called Flexible Exponentiated Weibull distribution (FEW) to model monotonic and non-monotonic hazard rate data. Maximum likelihood estimation approach is used to estimate the model parameters. In addition to these some prominent statistical properties like, reliability function, moments, hazard function, order statistics, quantile function and entropy measure are obtained. Two real data sets were taken to compare the proposed distribution with existing distributions, and the results showed that the proposed distribution is more flexible than other existing lifetime distributions. Furthermore, simulation study is carried out to check the consistency of model parameters that showed that the parameters are consistent when the sample size increases. These results establish a foundational rationale for selecting the suggested distribution as a model for such a data type. It shows that this distribution is more flexible and suitable for the data studied, making a strong case for choosing it over other options. These findings not only boost trust in the chosen model but also help in deciding how to model similar data in the future.

Existence and Uniqueness Solutions of Multi-Term Delay Caputo Fractional Differential Equations

Gunaseelan Mani — 2024-10-02

This study investigates a novel type of nonlocal boundary value problem with multipoint-integral boundaries and multi-term delay Caputo fractional differential equations (FDE). The provided problem is turned into an analogous fixed-point problem using fixed-point (F P) theory tools. Additionally, discussing about stability, in Ulam-Hyers-Rassias (UHR), Ulam-Hyers (UH), generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias (GUHR) and generalized Ulam-Hyers (GUH) stability, for finding the problem. Based on our obtained results we given some examples. As of our obtained results are very useful to multi-term caputo FDE related to hydrodynamics.

Factors Affecting Reconsumption Intention in Herbal Medicine: Evidence from Indonesia

Elizabeth — 2024-10-02

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of customer engagement on the effect of trust on reconsumption intention. This study was conducted on herbal medicine consumers in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach involving 425 herbal consumers in Indonesia with purposive sampling techniques using criteria who are 18 years old and have consumed herbal medicine at least 2 times in the past month. Data analysis using covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) using AMOS application. The study found that trust had no significant effect on reconsumption intention. Customer engagement has a significant effect on reconsumption intention. Trust has a significant effect on customer engagement. Then, customer engagement acts as a complete mediation on the influence of trust on reconsumption intention in herbal medicine consumers in Indonesia. These results suggest marketers need to pay attention to engagement to increase reconsumption intention using consumer trust.

Upper and Lower Faint (τ1, τ2)-Continuity

Prapart Pue-on — 2024-09-26

This paper is concerned with the notions of upper and lower faintly (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, several characterizations of upper and lower faintly (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous multifunctions are investigated.

A Strongly Convergent Hybrid Method to Unify Split Generalized Mixed Equilibrium and Fixed Point Problems

Shuja Haider Rizvi — 2024-09-26

The aim of this paper is twofold, we propose an extension to the split generalized mixed equilibrium problem firstly and introduce an iterative method based on a hybrid extragradient method. The goal is to efficiently find a common solution for both the split generalized mixed equilibrium problem and the fixed point problem concerning a nonexpansive mapping within the context of real Hilbert spaces. We conduct a thorough analysis of the proposed iterative method and establish a strong convergence theorem under certain mild conditions. Moreover, we present various implications derived from our main result and conduct numerical experiments to validate our findings. Our outcomes represent a substantial expansion and generalization of existing iterative methods and results within this field.

Big Data Analytics: Driving Project Success, Continuity, and Sustainability

Amani Abu Rumman — 2024-09-26

This study examines the impact of Big Data applications on various facets of organizational performance, specifically focusing on Business Success, Business Continuity, and Organization Sustainability. Data was collected through self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS AMOS, incorporating Pearson correlation tests and regression analyses. The results demonstrate that Big Data has a positive but generally weak correlation with these organizational aspects. Notably, mitigating risks and identifying hidden market trends stand out as the most significant factors for Business Success. Business continuity during unexpected disruptions and efficient resource allocation are crucial for Business Continuity. For Organization Sustainability, the direct impact of retrieved data on sustainable decisions and Big Data analytics for planning eco-sustainable futures are key. These findings underscore the potential of Big Data in enhancing organizational performance, suggesting areas where organizations can harness data for strategic advantages. Further research and broader datasets may offer deeper insights into these relationships.

On Some Results Related to Non-Uniform Tight Wavelet Frames

Amit Kumar — 2024-09-26

The main objective of this paper is to develop some algorithms for the explicit construction of nonuniform tight wavelet frames using the unitary extension principles.

Global Stability of General Pathogen Models With CTL Impairment and Distributed Delays

B. S. Alofi — 2024-09-26

This paper presents a pathogen dynamics models with impaired of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) function. The models includes both pathogen-to-cell and cell-to-cell modes of transmission which are represented by general nonlinear functions. The basic reproduction number R₀ is determined and two equilibrium points are calculated. Nonnegativity and boundedness of the solution are proved. Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle are used to prove the global stability of each equilibria. Simulations are used to illustrate the theoretical results. A study is conducted on the effect of impaired CTL-cell functions and time delays on pathogen dynamics. Finally, we have observed that increasing of time delay will suppress the pathogen replication.

Multiplicity of Positive Solutions for a Fractional Elliptic System With Strongly Coupled Critical Terms

Khalid Benlhachmi — 2024-09-26

By the Nehari method and variational method, two positive solutions are obtained for a fractional elliptic system with strongly coupled critical terms and concave-convex nonlinearities. Recent results from the literature are extended to the case of the integral fractional Laplacian form.

Dynamics and Expressions of Solutions of Fourth-Order Rational Systems of Difference Equations

E. M. Elsayed — 2024-09-26

The purpose of this article is to determine the expressions of solutions for the following rational difference systems
Φ_n+1 = Φ_n−2Ψ_n / α + Φ_n−2 + Ψ_n−3, Ψ_n+1 = Φ_nΨ_n−2 / β ± Φ_n−3 ± Ψ_n−2, n = 0, 1, 2, ...,
where α and β are arbitrary real numbers. Furthermore, the solution’s qualitative behavior is explored, such as local and global stability, as well as the boundedness of the solutions. We will offer numerical examples to demonstrate our results.

Some Results on the Degree of Vertices of the Power Digraph and Its Complement

Sanjay Kumar Thakur — 2024-09-26

This work is based on the ideas of L. Somer and M. Krizek, On a connection of Number theory with Graph theory. In this work, we introduce the concept of Universal directed graph U_n and we also define the complement of the digraph Γ(n,2). We study some relations between the digraph Γ(n,2) and its complement digraph Γ(n,2) in terms of degree of a vertex and directed arcs. A result for the number of fixed points in the digraph Γ(n,2) is established. We also established some results on the degree of a vertex w. r. t. a subset of the vertex set of the digraphs Γ(n,2) and Γ(n,2).

Prioritizing Factors of Organizational Cultural Model in Electronic Enterprises

Luc Manh Hien — 2024-09-26

This study aims to investigate the priority order of organizational cultural factors affecting the competitiveness of electronic enterprises. The methodology adopted for this research comprises the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method. Data collection was sent to 15 experts, including university scientists, government regulators, and managers of electronic enterprises. The results revealed that the first ranking belongs to the involvement factor, the second-ranked factor is a mission, and the third position is consistency and adaptability. The results showed that experts' top three indicators of influential competitiveness ratings included core values, customer focus, and vision. Meanwhile, the three lowest-rated factors include agreement, organizational learning, coordination, and integration. This research's practical and theoretical implications are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in organizational culture in electronic enterprises.

Modeling of KSHV/HHV-8 and HIV-1 Co-Dynamics in Vivo

E. A. Almohaimeed — 2024-09-16

Human immunodeficiency virus kind 1 (HIV-1) compromises the immune system by infecting and damaging CD4⁺ T cells. Infection can progress to the ultimate stage, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), if HIV-1 therapy is not received. People living with HIV/AIDS are more vulnerable to infections that they otherwise wouldn’t develop. Opportunistic infections or malignancies are the terms used to describe them. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an AIDSrelated malignancy caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)). HIV-1 and KSHV co-infection cases has been shown in several studies. Using a system of ODEs, we develop a new mathematical model to study the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and KSHV in vivo. The model includes interactions between healthy CD4⁺ T cells, HIV-1-infected CD4⁺ T cells, HIV-1 particles, healthy B cells, KSHV-infected B cells, and KSHV particles. By analyzing the boundedness and nonnegativity of the solutions, we prove the mathematical well-posedness and biological compatibility of the model. The existence and stability of the model’s steady states are established by four threshold values that we identify. We prove that steady states are globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov’s method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Numerical simulations are used to display the results. For both basic reproduction ratios of HIV-1 mono-infection (R₁) and KSHV mono-infection (R₂), sensitivity analysis is carried out. A comparison between HIV-1 or KSHV mono-infections and co-infections with HIV-1 and KSHV is given. Empirical evidence indicates that co-infection results in higher KSHV and HIV-1 concentrations compared to mono-infection cases. This result is in line with a number of findings found in the literature.

On Some Applications of P-Contraction Fixed Point Theorems in Bipolar Metric Spaces

K. Varalakshmi — 2024-09-16

In this paper, we have discussed the P-contraction type fixed point theorems of covariant mappings in bipolar metric spaces, and we have shown an example which supports our results. Also we discussed applications to integral equations and Homotopy theory.

Theoretical and Numerical Study of Electrohydrodynamic Flow in a Planar, Cylindrical, and Spherical Conduit

S. Krishnakumar — 2024-09-16

This paper analyzes the mathematical model of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) fluid flow in a general conduit (planar, cylindrical and spherical) with an ion drag configuration. The phenomenon is modelled using a nonlinear differential equation. The velocity field is obtained by solving this nonlinear equation using two analytical methods. The effects of the Hartmann electric number and nonlinearity strength are discussed and presented graphically. Additionally, we compare this method with a numerical solution obtained using MATLAB, demonstrating that the proposed approaches are less computational intensive and more efficient for solving the underlined problem.

Thai Baht and Chinese Yuan Exchange Rate Forecasting Models: ARIMA and SMA-ARIMA Comparison

Saowapa Chaipitak — 2024-09-16

This study evaluates the effectiveness of classical Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and k^th Simple Moving Average - ARIMA (k^th SMA-ARIMA) models in forecasting the exchange rate between the Thai Baht (THB) and the Chinese Yuan (CNY). The analysis uses a dataset of historical monthly exchange rates from January 2011 to November 2022, covering 143 months. The dataset is divided into two segments: the initial 127 months are used as the training dataset for model development, while the subsequent 16 months serve as the testing dataset to evaluate forecast accuracy. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is the decision criterion for model selection during the development phase. The forecasting models' effectiveness is subsequently assessed on the testing dataset using two statistical measures: the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The findings indicate that the classical ARIMA (0,1,1) model outperforms the k^th SMA-ARIMA models in this study, exhibiting the lowest RMSE and MAPE of 0.1702 and 2.6644, respectively. Additionally, a focused comparison of the k^th SMA-ARIMA models for k = 2, 3, and 4 reveals that the 2^nd SMA-ARIMA (0,1,2) model demonstrates superior performance compared to the 3^rd and 4^th SMA-ARIMA models. This superiority is reflected in their respective RMSE values of 0.3202, 0.5146, and 0.6339, and corresponding MAPE values of 5.3533, 8.7531, and 10.4949. These results provide valuable insights for decision-makers in the financial sector, enhancing investment strategy formulation based on anticipated currency movements.

Variational Iteration Method for Solving Reaction Diffusion Equation in Oscillatory Chemical Reactions

R. Saravanakumar — 2024-09-16

A mathematical modelling of an oscillatory chemical reactions based on diffusion is discussed. Analytical solutions have been found for the system of nonlinear diffusion equations of second order in the model. Nonlinear oscillation partial differential equations can be solved accurately and efficiently using the He's variational iteration method. He's variational iteration method can be used to obtain approximate analytical solutions to the system. Analytical approximation is compared with numerical simulation as well.

Nonlinear Steady-State VOC and Oxygen Modeling in Biofiltration

R. Vignesh Raju — 2024-09-16

This paper compares analytical solutions for steady-state volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxygen concentrations in the context of bio-filtration modeling. Based on a set of nonlinear reaction/diffusion equations, this model consists of the following components:
A nonlinear term from Monod kinetics and Andrew kinetics.
A Monod kinetics, interactive model.
An Andrews kinetics, interactive model.
The theoretical findings are helpful in the design of bio-filters. The ability of two independent strategies, the Akbar Ganji Method (AGM) and the Homotopy perturbation Method (HPM), to forecast steady-state concentrations is tested. The study investigates the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques, shedding insight into their practical usefulness in bio-filtration systems. The outcomes of this study lead to a better understanding of bio-filtration processes. They could influence the design.

Wijsman and Wijsman Randomly Triple Ideal Convergence Sequences of Sets in Probabilistic Metric Spaces

M.H.M. Rashid — 2024-09-16

Many authors have extended the concept of convergence from number sequences to sequences of sets. In this paper, we focus on two notable adaptations: Wijsman convergence and randomly ideal convergence. We introduce and analyze several new types of convergence for sequences of sets: I^ψ_W3-convergence, I^∗,ψ_W3-convergence, I^ψ_W3-Cauchy, I^∗,ψ_W3-Cauchy, (I^ψ_W3, I^ψ_W)-convergence, and (I^∗,ψ_W3, I∗,_ψ)-convergence. These new concepts expand the framework of convergence and provide a deeper understanding of the behavior of set sequences under various conditions. Through rigorous analysis, we demonstrate the relationships between these new forms of convergence and their classical counterparts, highlighting their theoretical significance and potential applications in mathematical analysis and related fields. Our findings offer a comprehensive exploration of these advanced convergence concepts, paving the way for further research and development in this area.

Novel Results on Nigh Lindelöfness in Topological Spaces

Jamal Oudetallah — 2024-09-09

The main objective of this research paper is to introduce the concept of nigh Lindelöfness in topological spaces and nigh topological spaces. This has led us to establish several generalizations and properties of nigh Lindelöf space that are related to the nearly nigh Lindelöf space, the nigh compactness in topological spaces, and their relations with other spaces. Several examples are discussed, and many well-known theorems are generalized concerning the nigh Lindelöf spaces.

Slightly (τ1, τ2)p-Continuous Multifunctions

Nongluk Viriyapong — 2024-09-09

Our main purpose is to introduce the concepts of upper and lower slightly (τ₁, τ₂)p-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, several characterizations of upper and lower slightly (τ₁, τ₂)p-continuous multifunctions are investigated.

Wardowski Contraction on Controlled S-Metric Type Spaces with Fixed Point Results

Fatima M. Azmi — 2024-09-09

This article presents the concept of a triple controlled S-metric type space, characterized by three control functions: β, µ, and γ. This extends the idea of controlled S-metric type spaces. We explore several properties and provide illustrative examples. Furthermore, we introduce α_s-admissible mappings and enhance Wardowski’s contraction principle by introducing (α_s-F)-contractive mappings specifically designed for triple controlled S-metric type spaces. The article establishes the existence and uniqueness of fixed points within a complete triple controlled S-metric type space. Finally, we apply our main theorem to demonstrate the determination of a unique solution for an mth degree polynomial.

Finding Robust Response Surface Designs With Blocking Using a Model-Weighted A-Optimality Criterion

Peang-or Yeesa — 2024-09-02

This paper proposes a new approach to finding robust response surface designs that can accommodate potential model misspecifications. To achieve this, experimental designs that are robust across all potential models were considered prior to data collection. Blocking effects were combined into all possible models, and the set of all reduced models was obtained using the weak heredity principle. The objective of this study was to propose the use of the geometric mean of A-optimalities as a new weighted A-optimality criterion for finding robust response surface designs. Both a genetic algorithm (GA) and an exchange algorithm (EA) were employed to optimize the weighted A-optimality criterion and compared with the widely used central composite design. The weighted A-optimal designs generated by GA and EA in this study had higher A_w and A-efficiencies than CCD, and the A_w-optimal designs generated by the GA were as or more efficient than the EA.

Nodecness of Soft Generalized Topological Spaces

Mesfer H. Alqahtani — 2024-09-02

In this work, we define a new class of soft generalized topological spaces, namely strongly soft nodec, with the use of strongly soft nowhere dense sets. Then, we study the basic properties of these spaces and show that if the product of two soft generalized topological spaces is a strongly soft nodec space, then each one is a strongly soft nodec space. Then, we extend these notions to T₀-strongly soft nodec generalized topological spaces by using the soft quotient functions and discussing their main properties. We also show the inverse of a surjective soft quotient function preserves the soft closure and soft interior of a soft subset of a codomain soft set in soft generalized topological space. Further, we use soft quasi-homeomorphism and soft quotient functions to make comparisons and connections between these spaces with the support of appropriate counterexamples. Then, we successfully determine a condition under which the soft generalized topological space is a soft weak Baire space and hence a strongly soft second category.

Optimal Control Techniques in Managing Red Palm Weevil Infestations: A Mathematical Approach

Lamya Al-Maghamsi — 2024-09-02

This article introduces a mathematical analysis of the red palm weevil (RPW) model that incorporates optimal control techniques. The investigation delves into the dynamics among date palm trees, the RPW, and tree micro-injection. The analysis assesses the impact of sex pheromone traps and tree trunk injections on the RPW population. Sufficient constraints are identified to provide both local stability and global stability analysis of equilibrium points. The paper uses Sotomayor’s theorem as a guide to compute local bifurcations near equilibrium points. The study concludes that adopting control strategies shows to a substantial decline in the RPW population, ultimately resulting in extinction. Numerical simulations are employed to visually illustrate and support the theoretical findings.

Exploring Nonlinear Fractional (2+1)-Dimensional KP–Burgers Model: Derivation and Ion Acoustic Solitary Wave Solution

Khalid A. Alsatami — 2024-09-02

The purpose of this study is to conduct a complete examination into the fractional (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear KP-Burgers (KP-B) model in the setting of quantum plasma. The main goal is to present a mathematical explanation and derivation for the fractional (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear KP-B model. We used the reductive perturbation technique to obtain the fractional (2+1)-dimensional ion acoustic solitary wave, which leads to the nonlinear KP-B model. To solve the fractional space-time KP-B model, we used the modified sub-equation technique and the extended hyperbolic function methodology. This methodology covers rational, periodic wave, and hyperbolic function solutions. Ion acoustic waves were explored in relation to the effects of ion pressure and an external electric field. The effects of density and fractional order on the properties of a single solution are examined. The plasma system is defined as an unmagnetized epi plasma system composed of relativistic ions, positrons, and nonextensive electrons that can be found in a range of astrophysical and cosmological environments. The solution variables include electron-positron and ion-electron temperature ratios, electron and positron nonextensivity strength, ion kinematic viscosity, positron concentration, and the weakly relativistic streaming factor. The fractional order and associated plasma properties have a considerable influence on the phase velocity of ion acoustic waves. When the fractional order equals one, the obtained results are consistent with known outcomes. This work makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of nonlinear events in quantum plasmas, particularly ion acoustic waves. It provides a solid approach for solution development and analysis, with implications for a variety of astrophysical and cosmological scenarios.

Nigh-Locally Compactness in Topological Spaces

Rehab Alharbi — 2024-09-02

The focus of this paper is the introduction of the notion of a nigh-locally compact topological space. To do this, concepts of "nigh-topological space" and "nigh-compact space" would be defined, and various conclusions and theorems would be derived. This would lead to a well-defined notion of a nigh-locally compact topological space, from which we would obtain a number of theorems and instances concerning this innovative idea.

Different Partial Prime Bi-Ideals and Its Extension of Partial Ternary Semirings

M. Palanikumar — 2024-08-20

We discuss the partial bi-ideal of partial ternary semirings S. The partial bi-ideal is a new generalization of the ideal. To determine the relationships between the three types of partial prime bi-ideals and their examples. We constructed the partial right ideal, partial lateral ideal, partial left ideal, partial ideal, and partial bi-ideal generated by a single element. We interact with the relationships between H^Q, L^Q and R^Q, where Q is bi-ideal. Consequently, we defined three distinct partial m-systems. The partial bi-ideal P of S is a partial 2-prime if and only if Z₁Z₂Z₃⊆P, where Z₁ is a partial right ideal, Z₂ is a partial lateral ideal and Z₃ is a partial left ideal of S implies either one of Z₁⊆P, Z₂⊆P and Z₃⊆P. Also, we discuss H^Q is a unique biggest two-sided partial prime ideal of S contained Q. Suppose that M is a partial m₃-system and partial bi-ideal Q of S with Q∩M is empty, there exists a partial 3-prime P of S containing Q which includes P∩M=∅. Finally, examples were provided to illustrate the results.

Some Entire Topological Indices of Specific Graph Families

Buthinah A. Bin Dehaish — 2024-08-20

What distinguishes entire topological indices from other topological indices is that their formulas include information about both the edges and vertices, not just the connections between vertices. This provides more comprehensive and detailed picture of the graph’s structure. In our article, we study and analyze some entire Zagreb indices by investigating their behavior for four families of graphs; subdivision graphs, central graphs, corona products and m bridge graphs over path, cycle and complete graphs. We explore the properties of these graph structures by deriving explicit formulae for the first, second and modified first entire Zagreb indices for each family. Our results provide detailed information on the structural properties stored by the first, second and modified entire Zagreb indices. These different graph families show the way for future research and potential applications in fields such as chemical modeling and network investigation.

Exploring Profit Opportunities in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces via Edelstein Type Mappings

J. Johnsy — 2024-08-20

This paper establishes a break-even point theorem concerning a set of mappings adhering to an Edelstein-type contractive criterian within intuitionistic fuzzy metric domains. It explores the break-even analysis within a straightforward total cost-revenue model applicable to dynamic businesses. Utilizing the coincident point theorem within intuitionistic fuzzy metric space, the study demonstrates the inclination of profit-sensitive (or loss-sensitive) dynamic businesses towards their respective break-even points.

On Null Vertex in Bipolar Fuzzy Graphs

M.P. Sunil — 2024-08-20

We present a novel vertex in Bipolar fuzzy graph, null vertex, which is distinct from boundary vertex and interior vertex and also attempt a study on null vertex in bipolar fuzzy closed helm graph CH_n.

Service Quality as a Catalyst for Competitive Advantage and Business Performance in Hotel Industry: An Empirical Analysis by PLS-SEM Algorithm

Ninh Van Nguyen — 2024-08-20

This study investigates the vital role of service quality in the hotel industry, focusing on its impact on business performance and competitive advantages. Utilizing cross-sectional survey responses from hotel employees, we employed partial least squares structural equation modelling to analyze the relationships between service quality, competitive advantage, and business performance. Results highlight the pivotal role of quality in enhancing competitive advantages and operational efficiency in the hotel sector. The findings underscore the significant influence of service quality on both competitive advantage and overall business performance in the tourism service sector, leading to positive outcomes such as improved tourist experiences, economic growth, and an enhanced destination image. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of competitive advantage, service quality, and innovation in driving business performance, with direct implications for pricing strategies and service quality in the hotel industry.

A Note on Exact Frames in Banach Spaces

B. Semthanga — 2024-08-20

In this article, we have defined µ-exact and finitely exact Banach frames and discuss their existence and relationship. A necessary condition for the existence of a µ-exact Banach frame is given. Also, we discuss quasi-complementary subspaces and prove a result using exact Banach frames. Finally, as an application, we discuss boundedness of an isometry using exact retro Banach frame sequences.

Solution of an Algebraic Linear System of Equations Using Fixed Point Results in C∗-Algebra Valued Extended Branciari Sb-Metric Spaces

Khairul Habib Alam — 2024-08-15

This study explores the realm of metric spaces, advancing beyond conventional boundaries by introducing two innovative types of metrics known as generalized Branciari-type metrics. Through exacting examination and exemplification, we shed light on the intricacies of these newly defined metric spaces and their extended versions. By drawing parallels with established theorems such as Banach and Kannan, we unveil corollaries that establish necessary symmetric conditions for the existence and uniqueness of fixed points concerning self-operators within these spaces. The inclusion of illustrative examples not only bolsters our theoretical framework but also underscores the practical relevance of our findings. Furthermore, we utilize our research to address real-world applications, showcasing how our results can be employed to determine the existence of unique solutions for algebraic systems of linear equations, thereby bridging the theoretical and applied aspects of mathematical exploration. Through these interventions, our study significantly contributes to the comprehensive understanding and utilization of all the properties in metric spaces within diverse mathematical contexts.

On Stationary Points of Multi-Valued Suzuki Mappings via New Approach in Metric Spaces

Nassar Aiman Majid — 2024-08-15

We investigate stationary points of multivalued Suzuki maps within the framework of 2-uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces. Initially, we present key strong and ∆-convergence results, followed by an example that demonstrates the theoretical findings. Additionally, our results hold in uniformly convex Banach spaces, CAT(0) spaces, and certain CAT(κ) spaces. Furthermore, our findings encompass cases where the map is assumed to be nonexpansive.

Classification of Random Walks and Green’s Theorem on Infinite Homogeneous Trees

P. Swarnambigai — 2024-08-15

In the context of random walks whose states are the vertices of an infinite tree, a classification of random walks is given as transient or recurrent. On the infinite homogeneous trees with the assumption that the transition probability between any two neighboring states are the same, a form of the classical Green’s formula is derived. As a consequence, two versions of the mean-value property for median functions are obtained.

Polynomiograph Comparison and Stability of a New Iteration Process

Bashir Nawaz — 2024-08-15

In this paper, we introduce a geometric version of the F iteration process. We establish some strong and weak convergence results for our proposed iteration process in the setting of generalized contractive mappings. We also prove stability of our proposed iteration process. Additionally, we support our analysis with polynomiographs generated by our proposed iteration process, compared with those from established iteration processes in the literature, showcasing the superiority and innovation of our approach.

New Soliton Solutions to the Space-Time Fractional Boussinesq Equation Using a Reliable Method

Marwa M. Alzubaidi — 2024-08-12

Fractional partial Differential Equations (FPDEs) play an essential role in interpreting a broad variety of events in various scientific disciplines, including physics, engineering, biology, and economics. One remarkable feature of PDEs is the presence and investigation of traveling wave solutions, which are solutions that propagate with a constant speed and preserve their shape. The main purpose of this work is to obtain the traveling wave solutions of the space-time fractional Boussinesq equation using a relatively new mechanism which is the improved modified extended tanh-function approach. Fractional derivatives based on Jumarie’s modified Riemann–Liouville are utilized to deal with the fractional derivatives which appear in the fractional Boussinesq problem. Some periodic and solitary wave solutions are presented in the form of trigonometric, hyperbolic, complex, and rational functions. In addition, the effectiveness of the employed methodology is compared with the performances of other techniques such as the fractional sub-equation approach, (G’/G2)-expansion process, and the modified Kudryashov method.

A Study on the Two Forms of (2+1)-Fractional Order Burgers Equation

Fathea M. O. Birkea — 2024-08-12

This study examines the dynamics of two forms of (2+1)-dimensional fractional order Burgers equation, a paramount structure within the realm of nonlinear fractional calculus. The main objective is to acquire solutions for this equation through the application of the singular manifold (SM) method. The study successfully derives diverse solutions corresponding to varied fractional orders. Additionally, multiple-kink solutions are systematically derived and illustrated with graphical representations to highlight their intrinsic physical properties. Overall, the results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the SM method in yielding precise solutions for the two forms of (2+1)-dimensional fractional order Burgers equation.

Geometric Properties of Harmonic Function Affiliated With Fractional Operator

Kuppuraj Divya Priya — 2024-08-12

This paper's goal is to discover new results for the harmonic univalent functions G=υ+η defined in the open unit disc ρ={z: |z|<1}. Examining KS indicates the set of all analytic harmonic functions of form G in the open unit disc ρ. The convolution featuring the Mittag-Leffler function and fractional operator is applied to generate the family of harmonic univalent V_KS. Motivated by Kamali [9], we present a novel of kamali class with V_KS(δ) brand-new class of harmonic univalent functions P_α,β,z^γ,δ,ε,ν inspiring inequality. Analysing Mittag-Leffler function convolution with modified tremblay operator inequality as a necessary and sufficient condition for univalent harmonic functions related to specific generalised Mittag-Leffler functions to be in the function class V_KS(δ) is the aim of this research. Moreover, we discover extreme points, a distortion theorem, convolution properties, and convex combinations for the functions in V_KS(δ).

Sovereign Asset and Liability Management (SALM) and Efficient Debt Management: An Empirical Study for Jordan

Haslindar Ibrahim — 2024-08-12

This research is about the effect of Sovereign Asset and Liability Management (SALM) on efficient debt management in Jordan using quarterly data from 2005 to 2023. The paper applies time series analysis methods, such as the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) models to study the links between SALM components (cash reserves, foreign reserves, equity in state-owned enterprises, future revenues, government debt, fiscal expenditures and contingent liabilities) and Jordan's debt-to-GDP ratio. The results show that these variables have a significant impact on the short-term and long-term efficiency of debt management. Besides, the NARDL model shows that there are asymmetric impacts of equity in SOEs, future revenues and fiscal expenditures which means that these variables have different effects when they increase or decrease. The policy recommendations are to keep the debt levels sustainable, to accumulate foreign reserves, to manage contingent liabilities effectively and promote coordination among the relevant institutions for fiscal sustainability and economic growth.

Real-Life Applications of New Type Spherical Fuzzy Sets and Its Extension Using Aggregation Operators

M. Palanikumar — 2024-08-05

The purpose of this article is to present a novel approach to the multiple attribute decision-making problem (MADM) based on (l₁, l₂) spherical fuzzy sets (SFS). This is an extension of the SFS. As a result of this article, we will discuss the concept of spherical fuzzy weighted averaging (SFWA), spherical fuzzy weighted geometric (SFWG), generalized spherical fuzzy weighted averaging (GSFWA) and generalized spherical fuzzy weighted geometric (GSFWG). Here is a flowchart that shows how these operators are used in the algorithm we discussed. With the help of a numerical example, we illustrate the extended Euclidean and Hamming distance measures. Additionally, the SFN approach is characterized by idempotency, boundedness, commutativity, and monotonicity. These tools help you find the best option faster, simpler, and more conveniently. The result is a more precise conclusion and a more intimate relationship between (l₁, l₂). We compare some of the current models with those that have been proposed in order to demonstrate the dependability and utility of the models under investigation. The study also revealed fascinating and intriguing findings.

Jonckheere Trend Test under Indeterminacy with Applications

Abdulrahman AlAita — 2024-08-05

The classical Jonckheere trend test is a non-parametric statistical tool usually employed to compare the medians of multiple independent groups, especially when there is a natural ordering or trend among the groups. This paper aims to develop a more comprehensive and adaptable version of the Jonckheere trend test, called the neutrosophic Jonckheere trend test (NJT), which can be used to analyze different types of uncertainty data. This paper discusses neutrosophic hypotheses and decision rules pertaining to the NJT test. Furthermore, the practical uses of the NJT test have been discussed in the context of real-world applications with COVID-19 data. Lastly, a simulation study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed test in terms of Type I error and test power. The results validate that the proposed test is more effective and adaptable than the existing test in uncertain environments.

Integrable Solutions and Continuous Dependence of a Nonlinear Singular Integral Inclusion of Fractional Orders and Applications

Nesreen F. M. El-Haddad — 2024-08-05

Let E be a reflexive Banach space. In this article we study the existence of integrable solutions in the space of all lesbesgue integrable functions on E, L¹([0,T],E), of the nonlinear singular integral inclusion of fractional orders beneath the assumption that the multi-valued function G has Lipschitz selection in E. The main tool applied in this work is the Banach contraction fixed point theorem. Moreover, the paper explores a qualitative property associated with these solutions for the given problem such as the continuous dependence of the solutions on the set of selections S¹_G(τ,x(τ)). As an application, the existence of integrable solutions of the two nonlocal and weighted problems of the fractional differential inclusion is investigated. We additionally provide an example given as a numerical application to demonstrate the effectiveness and value of our results.

Factors Influencing the Purchase Behaviour of Plant-Based Food Products in Thailand: An Extension of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Kamonphon Nakhonchaigul — 2024-08-05

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption intention of plant-based food products and to examine the mediating effects on the relationship between adoption intention and actual behaviour. The research is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the foundational theoretical framework. Convenience sampling has been applied for data collection through an online questionnaire (G-Form), resulting in 582 usable responses. The measurement model was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and the structural equation model was assessed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that factors positively influencing the adoption intention include attitudes towards plant-based food products, subjective norms, environmental concerns. Word-of-mouth communication was identified as a mediating variable in the relationship between adoption intention and actual behaviour. This research corroborates the Theory of Planned Behavior. Also, it identifies additional factors relevant to the acceptance of plant-based food products beyond the theoretical framework in Thailand. The findings provide valuable insights for business and marketing strategies about plant-based food products.

Role Stress and Job Performance in the Economic Recession Issue: Evidence from Finance Companies

Ismayanti Adytia — 2024-07-29

The World Bank has predicted a global economic recession to occur in 2023. This prediction is becoming increasingly apparent due to several indications that have begun to emerge, such as aggressive increases in benchmark interest rates carried out by the central banks of different countries to curb inflation. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of the role arising from changes caused by the recession issue. This research was conducted after the end of the year 2023 to determine the extent of the effects of the recession issue on companies. The research sample consists of employees working in the used car financing sector. The results of the study prove that there is a negative influence of job stress on job performance. And the positive influence of the recession issue on job stress.

Certain Applications via Rational Type Contraction Fixed Point Theorems in Ab-Metric Spaces

D. Swapna — 2024-07-29

We showed the existence of common fixed point theorems for four mappings involving rational type contractive conditions in A_b-metric spaces by extending and generalising previous work. Furthermore, we provide an instance demonstrating the applicability of the obtained results, as well as applications to integral equations and Homotopy.

Weakly Quasi (τ1, τ2)-Continuous Functions

Monchaya Chiangpradit — 2024-07-29

This paper deals with the notion of weakly quasi (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous functions. Furthermore, some characterizations of weakly quasi (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous functions are discussed.

A New Fixed Point Approach for Approximating Solutions of Fractional Differential Equations in Banach Spaces

Bashir Nawaz — 2024-07-29

This contribution targets the solution of fractional differential equations (FDEs) via novel iterative approach and in a new class of nonlinear mappings. Our approach is based on the class of (α, β, γ)-nonexpansive mappings and three-step M-iterative scheme. Under various assumptions, we first carry out some weak and strong convergence results in a setting of a Banach spaces. After this, we carry out an application of one our main result to find approximate solution for a broad class of FDEs. Eventually, we we construct a new example of (α, β, γ)-nonexpansive mappings and show that this new mapping is not continuous on its whole domain and hence it is not nonexpansive. Using this example, we perform a numerical simulation of various iterative scheme including our M-iterative scheme. It has been observed the numerical effectiveness of the M-iterative scheme is high as compared to the other iterative schemes. Accordingly, our main outcome is new/extends some known results of the literature.

The Convex Sets in Banach Spaces and Polynomial Approximation

Ashraf S. ELshreif — 2024-07-29

A Banach space A, an open subset V of A, and an open subset U of A' are considered. Our definition introduces novel categories of topological algebras of holomorphic functions on A. We demonstrate the equality of the two sets of holomorphic functions (Hwv(V)) and (Hw*vk(U)) under specific assumptions. We demonstrated that norm-dense Pgi(A) is found in Pw(A) and norm-dense Pgi*(A') is found in Pw*(A'). Additionally, we demonstrated that Pgi(A) is τk-dense in Hwvk(V) and Pgi*(A') is τk*-dense in Hw*vk(U) for a Banach space with a decreasing Schauder basis A, a polynomially convex weakly open subset V of A, and a polynomially convex weak-star open subset U of A.

Optimizing Portfolio Efficiency in the Digital Era: A Data Envelopment Analysis of Range-Rebalanced Asset Investments

Yotaek Chaiyarit — 2024-07-29

In the digital era, the advent of new asset classes like cryptocurrencies and the application of advanced analytical tools have significantly reshaped portfolio management. This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of range-rebalanced investment portfolios incorporating diverse assets such as cryptocurrencies, major currencies, technology securities, and commodities. The analysis spans from October 1, 2016, to June 30, 2022, evaluating various rebalancing strategies including Allowed Range, Threshold, Drifting Mix, and Tactical approaches during different market conditions, including pre-COVID-19, during COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 periods. The findings highlight the superiority of strategic rebalancing, particularly combining high-value cryptocurrencies with technology securities, in enhancing portfolio performance and risk management. This research provides valuable insights for optimizing asset allocation in the dynamic financial landscape, underscoring the importance of strategic rebalancing in maximizing returns while managing risk.

Performance Comparison of Three Ratio Estimators of the Population Ratio in Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement

Nuntida Ounrittichai — 2024-07-29

This study aims to compare the efficacy of three ratio estimators for estimating the population ratio in simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR). The estimators under consideration are a customary ratio estimator (~R₁), a ratio estimator based on a transformed mean estimator (~R₂) introduced by Onyeka et al. [1], and a regression-type estimator (~R₃) proposed by Onyeka et al. [2]. We assess the performance of these estimators across three distributions (bivariate normal, bivariate Poisson log-normal, and bivariate Cauchy) while varying both correlation coefficients and sample sizes, utilizing Mean Square Error (MSE) and Percent Relative Efficiency (PRE) as evaluation criteria. The results indicate that for a bivariate normal distribution, the ~R₁ and ~R₂ estimators consistently outperformed the ~R₃ estimator across all sample sizes and correlation coefficients. The ~R₂ estimator demonstrated superiority with very small sample sizes, while ~R₁ exhibited better performance in small sample sizes. The ~R₂ estimator remained reliable for moderately sized samples, demonstrating consistent efficiency. In large samples, ~R₂ maintained its performance advantage, except in weak correlation coefficients, where ~R₁ proved superior. For a bivariate Poisson lognormal distribution, both ~R₂ and ~R₃ performed significantly better than ~R₁ for very small sample sizes, irrespective of correlation direction and strength. For moderately sized samples, ~R₂ and ~R₃ consistently excelled, with ~R₂ leading in cases with positive correlation coefficients. For large sample sizes with negative correlation coefficients, both ~R₂ and ~R₃ were comparable effective and significantly better than ~R₁. Conversely, with positive correlation coefficients, the ~R₁ estimator significantly outperformed both ~R₂ and ~R₃. In a bivariate Cauchy distribution, the ~R₁ estimator demonstrated notable and consistent superiority over the ~R₂ and ~R₃ estimators across all sample sizes and correlation coefficients.

Fixed Point Methodologies for ψ-Contraction Mappings in Cone Metric Spaces over Banach Algebra with Supportive Applications

Rashwan A. Rashwan — 2024-07-19

The explicit aim of this manuscript is to obtain fixed point consequences under novel ψ-contraction mappings in a complete cone metric space over Banach algebra. We connect and relate different fixed point theorems by using the idea of ψ-contraction mappings, providing a thorough viewpoint that deepens our comprehension of this topic. Our theorems generalize and unify many results in the scientific literature. These prospective extensions offer intriguing research directions and have the potential to further advance the study of fixed point theory. The investigation of examples plays an extremely crucial role in verifying the effectiveness and validity of our theoretical results. Moreover, to support the theoretical results, some examples are investigated to emphasize these results. Ultimately, the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Urysohn integral and nonlinear fractional differential equation are cooperated as applications to provide an authoritative basis for dealing with actual problems that include these equations.

Majorization in Analytic Functions Among Distinct Classes Defined by Modified Tremblay Fractional Operator

Indushree Mohan — 2024-07-19

This paper presents and investigates three distinct kinds of analytic functions described by the Modified Tremblay Fractional Operator: I_Υ[A,B], Q_Υ[A,B], and P_Υ[A,B]. We give a detailed knowledge of these unique categories features by exploring majorization difficulties within them. By means of a careful analysis of majorization phenomena, we present a range of novel findings that demonstrate the significance of parameter specialisation in these classes. This work greatly expands our understanding of analytic functions and improves the field of mathematical analysis as a whole. To sum up, this study offers a comprehensive investigation of new analytic function classes, clarifies certain aspects of majorization, and makes significant contributions that broaden our understanding of complex analysis and geometric function theory.

Applications of Horadam Polynomials to a Class of Close-to-Convex Functions

Waleed Al-Rawashdeh — 2024-07-19

In this study, we introduce and investigate a family of close-to-convex functions S_sc^c(λ,Ψ(x)) that associated with Horadam polynomials, functions in this family are defined with respect to symmetric conjugate points. The coefficient estimates of functions belonging to this family are derived. Moreover, we obtain the classical Fekete-Szegö inequality of functions belonging to this family.

Prediction of Stochastic Transportation Problem with Fixed Charge in Multi-Objective Rough Interval Environment

P. Indira — 2024-07-19

Many problems appear to be arising in the present as a result of variations in transportation networks. The stochastic fixed-charge transportation problem (SFCTP) is one such problem. The SFCTP is transformed into a chance-constrained programming (CCP) problem where supply and demand are stochastic and objective functions are in a rough interval. In this model, to analyze the multi-objective rough interval stochastic fixed-charge transportation problem (MORISFCTP), where the objective function coefficients are represented by rough intervals and the supply and destination factors are probabilistic constraints. This model operates an expected value operator to deal with uncertainty, in which the coefficient of the objective functions in the fuzzy is changed to a crisp form, and the probabilistic constraints are converted to a deterministic form by the Weibull distribution. To produce the optimal compromise solutions of the proposed model, three distinct methods are used: the fuzzy programming approach, the method of a linear weighted sum, and the €-constraint method. Lastly, the paper delivers a practical illustration of a MORISFCTP to demonstrate the usefulness and feasibility of the suggested methodology.

Lifts of Almost Product Structures From Manifolds to Tangent Bundles

Manisha M. Kankarej — 2024-07-19

In the present paper I have explored the properties of complete and horizontal lifts of an almost product structure. Its partial integrability and integrability conditions on the tangent bundle are part of this study. Along with different theorems on the lifts the prolongation of an almost product structure on the third tangent bundle T₃M has been explored.

Statistical Convergence with Rough I3-Lacunary and Wijsman Rough I3-Statistical Convergence in 2-Normed Spaces

M.H.M. Rashid — 2024-07-19

In this paper, we have introduced the concept of the set of rough I₃-lacunary limit points for triple sequences in 2-normed spaces. We have established statistical convergence requirements associated with this set. Furthermore, we have introduced the idea of rough I₃-lacunary statistical convergence for triple sequences. Additionally, we have demonstrated that this set of rough I₃-lacunary limit points is both convex and closed within the context of a 2-normed space. We have also explored the relationships between a sequence’s rough I₃-lacunary statistical cluster points and its rough I₃-lacunary statistical limit points in the same 2-normed space. Expanding upon the concept of triple sequence spaces, we have introduced the notion of Wijsman I₃-Cesáro summability for triple sequences. In doing so, we have investigated the connections between Wijsman strongly I₃-Cesáro summability and Wijsman statistical I₃-Cesáro summability. Furthermore, we have introduced the concepts of Wijsman rough strongly p-lacunary summability of order α and Wijsman rough lacunary statistical convergence of order α for triple sequences. These new concepts have been subjected to a thorough examination to understand their characteristics, and we have explored potential connections between them. Additionally, we have investigated how these newly introduced concepts relate to existing notions in the literature.

Neutrosophic Regression Modeling with Dummy Variables: Applications and Simulations

Muhammad Aslam — 2024-07-19

In this paper, we introduce a regression model using dummy variables within the framework of neutrosophic statistics. This model is designed for regression analysis under conditions of uncertainty, extending the classical regression model with dummy variables. We also present regression and analysis of variance under neutrosophic statistics. The application of our model is demonstrated through simulation and comparative studies, showing that the results differ from those obtained using classical regression. Our findings indicate that the degree of uncertainty significantly impacts the predicted and residual values.

Subclasses of Janowski Associated with q-Derivative

N. Ravikumar — 2024-07-19

Herglotz representation and Bieberbach type properties are discussed for the q-analog classes of Janowski starlike and convex functions.

Characterization of Different Prime Bi-Ideals and Its Generalization of Semirings

M. Palanikumar — 2024-07-09

We introduce three sequences of different prime bi-ideals of semirings such that 11(12,13)-prime bi-ideal, 21(22)-prime bi-ideal and 31(32,33)-prime bi-ideal using bi-ideals. In this article, we characterize the different prime bi-ideals. We discuss that the 11-prime bi-ideal implies the 12-prime bi-ideal implies the 13-prime bi-ideal, but the reverse implication does not hold with the help of numerical examples. We investigate if a 21-prime bi-ideal implies a 22-prime bi-ideal, but the converse need not be true with the help of numerical examples. If G is any bi-ideal of a semiring S, then K(G) = {x ∈ G | x + y = z for some y, z ∈ G} is the unique largest k-bi-ideal contained in G. If Θ is a 21-prime bi-ideal of S, then Θ is a one-sided ideal of S. It is shown that there is a relation between G and K(G), in which G is a 13-prime bi-ideal. In our communication, 11-prime bi-ideal implies 21-prime bi-ideal. An interaction between a 31-prime bi-ideal implies a 32-prime bi-ideal, and a 32-prime bi-ideal implies a 33-prime bi-ideal; however, the reverse implication is invalid by some examples. Every 13-prime bi-ideal is a 22-prime bi-ideal, but the converse need not be true with the help of examples.

A Prey-Predator Mathematical Model With Diffusion and Home Ranges

Khalaf M. Alanazi — 2024-07-09

A prey-predator model with diffusion and home ranges is considered. The model consists of partial differential and integral equations. The model incorporates complex mathematical expressions, which make it hard to analyze mathematically. Therefore, a numerical solution is provided in two cases. The first case considers the prey population growing logistically, while we consider the exponential growth of the prey population in the second case. We study the dynamic behavior of the two species for both cases. Special attention goes to the impact of home ranges and diffusion coefficients on the dynamics of prey and predator populations.

Mathematical Analysis of Nonlinear Reaction Diffusion Process at Carbon Dioxide Absorption in Concentrated Mixtures of 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Proponal and 1,8-Diamino-p-Methane

A. Uma — 2024-07-09

A mathematical model of carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption in an aqueous solution consisting of two reactants, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-proponal and 1,8-diamino-p-methane is considered. Akbari Ganji Method and Differential Transform Method are implemented to resolve the system of nonlinear equations, yielding an analytical formulation for the concentration of carbon dioxide, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-proponal, 1,8-diamino-p-methane and the molar flux in-terms of reaction rate constants. The obtained analytical findings are used to evaluate the different diffusion parameters and compared with numerical results. By assessing Matlab results with analytical findings, a successful outcome is discovered. Moreover, the influence of parameters on molar flux is examined. Also, graphical representations are presented and discussed here. The new analytical results contribute to optimizing the consistency of this model. The ensuring outcomes have been verified utilizing the existing numerical data with prior findings, and we are then presented with an adequate level of agreement.

Almost (τ1, τ2)-Continuity and τ1τ2-δ-Open Sets

Montri Thongmoon — 2024-07-09

This paper deals with the concepts of upper and lower almost (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, we investigate some characterizations of upper and lower almost (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous multifunctions by utilizing τ₁τ₂-δ-open sets.

Geometrical Analysis of Spacelike and Timelike Rectifying Curves and Their Applications

M. Khalifa Saad — 2024-07-09

In the light of great importance of curves and their frames in many different branches of science, especially differential geometry as well as geometric properties and their uses in various fields, we are interested here to study a special kind of curves called rectifying curves. We consider some characterizations of a non-lightlike curve has a spacelike or timelike rectifying plane in pseudo-Euclidean space E₁³. Then, we demonstrate that the proportion of curvatures of any spacelike or timelike rectifying curve is a non-constant linear function of the arc length parameter s. Finally, we defray a computational example to support our main findings.

A Fractional Elliptic System With Strongly Coupled Critical Terms and Concave-Convex Nonlinearities

Rachid Echarghaoui — 2024-06-24

Qualitative Behavior of Sixth Order of Rational Difference Equation

J. G. AL-Juaid — 2024-06-24

The field of difference equations (DEs)has gained considerable prominence in applied analysis. The primary aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the periodicity of solutions, local asymptotic stability, and global behavior of DEs
U_n+1=sU_n−2+tU_n−5+hU_n−2+rU_n−5/cU_n−5−e, n=0,1,2, . . . .

Application of Ant Colony Programming Approach for Solving Systems of Stochastic Differential Equations

Ali Sami Rashid — 2024-06-24

Stochastic differential equations (SDE) have wide applications in natural phenomena, engineering, finance, and biological models. Obtaining analytic solutions for an SDE is often complex, and the complexity increases for an SDE system. The paper introduces ant colony programming (ACP) as a novel approach for solving SDE system. Ant colony programming was developed in two directions, the first is to add the Wiener process as a variable to the terminals and functions, and the second is to construct the appropriate fitness function . ACP constructs mathematical expressions and evaluates them using the fitness function . The ACP proposed effectiveness has been demonstrated by applying to 2,3 and 4-dimensional SDE systems. The most important finding of this work is that ACP generates symbolic stochastic processes that represent solutions for SDE system. Methods for solving SDE systems are important tools for study phenomena that involve noise or randomness.

Three Point Boundary Value Problems for Generalized Fractional Integro Differential Equations

Hadeel Z. Alzumi — 2024-06-24

This article deals with some existence results for a class of boundary value problem with three-point boundary conditions involving a nonlinear θ-Caputo fractional proportional integro differential equation. By means of some standard fixed point theorems, sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions are presented. Additionally, some applications of the main results are demonstrated.

Structured Linear Systems and Their Iterative Solutions Through Fuzzy Poisson's Equation

I. K. Youssef — 2024-06-24

A realistic version of the modified successive overrelaxation (MSOR) with four relaxation parameters is introduced (MMSOR) with application to a representative matrix partition. The one-dimensional Poisson’s equation with fuzzy boundary values is the standard source problem for our treatment (it is sufficient to introduce all the concepts in a simple form). The finite difference method with RedBlack (RB)-Labelling of the grid points is used to introduce a fuzzy algebraic system with characterized fuzzy weak solutions (corresponding to black grid points). We introduce the algorithmic structure and the implementation of MMSOR on the de-fuzzified linear system. The choice of relaxation parameters is based on the minimum Spectral Radius (SR) of the iteration matrices. A comparison with SOR (one relaxation parameter) and MSOR (two relaxation parameters) is considered, and a relation between the three methods is revealed. Assuming the same accuracy, the experimental results showed that the MMSOR runs faster than the SOR and the MSOR methods.

D∗-Local Functions in Ideal Spaces

Yasser Farhat — 2024-06-18

In this study, a novel operation is introduced, which creates a local function of A regard to I and τ respectively denoted as A_D_∗(I,τ)={y∈Y|V∩A∉I, for each V∈τ^D(y)} where τ^D(y)={V∈τ^D|y∈V}. We then look into some of the fundamental characteristics and attributes of A_D_∗(I,τ). Additionally, we look into an operator η: P(Y)→τ provides η(E)=Y−[Y−E]_D_∗ for all E∈P(Y). Then the closure operator cl_D_∗(E)=E_D_∗∪E which forms the topology and the relation τ_D_∗={V⊆Y|cl_D_∗(Y−V)=Y−V}.

Intentions to Adopt Contactless Travel in the Post-Pandemic Era: Adapting to a New Normal

Ninh Van Nguyen — 2024-06-18

Purpose – This research explores the relationship between individual perceptions and attitudes towards contactless travel adoption, considering moderating variables such as trust in technology.
Methodology– Adopting an extended theory of planned behaviour lens, the study investigates how trust in technology moderates the relationship between various factors and traveller attitudes and adoption.
Findings – Findings highlight the impact of individual perception factors, especially within the highest tourist interest. The study identifies a moderated direct relationship between attitudes and intentions to adopt, influenced by trust in technology, and emphasizes the mediating role of attitudes in shaping adoption intentions.
Originality of the research – Successful implementation of the findings could catalyze positive innovations in the adoption of contactless travel. The study makes a distinct contribution by shedding light on crucial factors influencing contactless travel adoption, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced understanding of demographics, individual perceptions, and the role of trust in technology.

An Algorithm for Construction of Optimal Integration Formulas in Hilbert Spaces and Its Realization

Kh. M. Shadimetov — 2024-06-18

It is known that many problems in science and technology are reduced to the calculation of singular or regular integrals. Basically, these integrals are calculated approximately using quadrature and cubature formulas. In the present paper we develop an algorithm for construction of optimal quadrature formulas in some Hilbert spaces based on discrete analogues of the linear differential operators. Then we apply the algorithm to construct optimal quadrature formulas which are exact for hyperbolic functions and polynomials. We get explicit expressions for the coefficients of the optimal quadrature formulas. The obtained optimal quadrature formulas have m-th order of convergence.

On the Analysis of Environmental and Engineering Data Using Alpha Power Transformed Cosine Moment Exponential Model

Hleil Alrweili — 2024-06-07

This article introduces a new model using the alpha power cosine transformed method for modeling complex data used in hydrology and engineering studies. The alpha power novel distribution transformed the cosine moment exponential model with two parameters. Its probability density function can be skewed and unimodal. Various statistical and mathematical properties are established, and the unknown parameters of the suggested model are determined using numerous estimation procedures. Also, the potential of these estimation techniques is calculated via some simulation studies. In the end, two real data sets are made using the proposed model to make a practical application in environmental and survival fields. The potential and utility of the recommended distribution are verified with other well known models and it shows great superiority in fitting the proposed data sets.

Some Novel Coincidence and Fixed Point Results Based on Z Family of Functions in Fuzzy Metrics

Maryam G. Alshehri — 2024-06-07

This paper suggests some coincidence and fixed point theorems based on the Z family functions for set valued mappings. After that, we provide the concept of Z^∗ family of functions, and prove some coincidence and fixed points results for strongly demicompact mappings in fuzzy metric space. We also suggest some examples to support our results. Eventually, we give the existence and uniqueness of a solution for a functional equation involved in a dynamic programming. Our results are novel and suggest a new direction to researchers who working in the theory of coincidence and fixed point.

Almost Quasi (τ1, τ2)-Continuity for Multifunctions

Prapart Pue-on — 2024-06-07

This paper is concerned with the concept of almost quasi (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, some characterizations of almost quasi (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous multifunctions are investigated.

Functions in GTSs and GMSs

Yasser Farhat — 2024-06-07

In this article, we study the nature of different types of functions, namely, cliquish, lower semi-continuous, and upper semi-continuous functions in generalized G_δ-submaximal, generalized submaximal, and hyperconnected spaces. It also includes a cursory discussion about the properties for generalized G_δ-submaximal, generalized submaximal, and hyperconnected spaces in generalized metric spaces.

A New Mood’s Median Test for Imprecise Data

Abdulrahman AlAita — 2024-05-31

The existing Mood’s median test is a non-parametric test used to compare two or more sample data sets whether they are from the same population or not. There can be no application of this test to uncertain and indeterminate data. Therefore, it is necessary to find a generalization of this test that will enable us to apply it in uncertain environments. This study will present a new approach that utilizes neutrosophic statistics to apply Mood’s median test. The approach involves defining hypotheses, determining a decision rule, and performing the test in an uncertain environment. An evaluation of the performance of the proposed test will be conducted using numerical examples. The results reveal that the proposed test under neutrosophic statistics is more informative, efficient, and flexible than the existing test under classical statistics in the presence of uncertain data.

Uncertainty Principle for the Weinstein-Gabor Transforms

I. Kallel — 2024-05-31

In this paper, we present the localization of the ν-entropy for the Weinstein Gabor transform. Through the utilization of the ν-entropy, we establish an alternative expression for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the Weinstein Gabor transform. In addition, we further extend our study by elaborating on an L^p version of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the Weinstein Gabor transform.

On the Affine and Affine Polarized k-Symplectic Manifolds

El Mokhtar Fanich — 2024-05-31

We are interested in studying the affine and the affine polarized k-symplectic manifolds exploiting the action of the polarized k-symplectic group Sp(k,n;R), especially when it acts properly and discontinuously without fixed point in order to construct a particular class of affine polarized k-symplectic manifolds of odd dimension 2k’+1 with k’∈N∗ which will be a generalization of the case of dimension 3 studied in [8].

Mathematical Modelling and Application of Analytical Methods for A Non-Linear EC2E Mechanism in Rotating Disk Electrode

A. Nebiyal — 2024-05-31

Rotating disk electrode is the hydrodynamic technique used in the process of analyzing electroanalytic works. This paper deals with the mathematical model describing a non-linear EC₂E mechanism that arises in a rotating disk electrode. This model is based on the system of non-linear reaction-convection-diffusion equations. EC₂E mechanism has an application in finding the shape of current curves in the system of chronoamperometry in addition to steady-state voltammetry. The approximate analytical expression for the concentration of reactant species and current at steady-state condition is obtained using the analytical methods. The attained analytical result is compared with the numerical simulation (MATLAB) result. A satisfactory result is obtained between the series of solutions. The influence of parameters on the concentration of species and current is investigated and presented graphically.

Exploring Fixed Points and Common Fixed Points of Contractive Mappings in Complex-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces

Koon Sang Wong — 2024-05-27

The current manuscript aims to introduce complex-valued intuitionisitic fuzzy metric spaces as a fresh perspective on complex-valued fuzzy metric spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. Existence together with distinctiveness of the fixed points within maps with diverse contractive criteria in this novel space are established. Additionally, our work yields a few common fixed-point findings for intuitionistic fuzzy Banach contraction on this newly introduced space. The outcomes presented in this study go beyond the existing literature, adding to the growing body of knowledge in this field. Our research outcomes are exemplified through examples that are included in this paper to help readers better grasp our findings. Our paper concludes with a discussion of how our findings can be applied to the problem of determining the presence of an exclusive solution for Fredholm integral equations.

Fekete-Szegö and Second Hankel Determinant for a Subclass of Holomorphic p-Valent Functions Related to Modified Sigmoid

Musthafa Ibrahim — 2024-05-27

This research paper’s primary focus is on applications of modified sigmoid functions to the class of holomorphic multivalent functions. Because of its multiple applications in computer sciences, engineering, and physics, we investigate the initial coefficient bounds for a new generalized subclass of holomorphic functions related to Sigmoid functions. Also, the relevant connections with the famous classical Fekete-Szegö inequality for these classes are discussed. The second Hankel determinant for the newly defined function class is obtained.

A Generalization of m-Bi-Ideals in b-Semirings and Its Characterizing Extension

M. Suguna — 2024-05-27

In this study, we introduce new types of m-quasi-ideals and m-bi-ideals in b-semirings and provide some characterizations of these ideals. We use an algebraic method to express the fundamental properties of m-bi-ideals in b-semirings. We also discuss the m-ideals in terms of their algebraic structures. Moreover, we examine the m-bi-ideals and their generators and provide some characterizations regarding bi-ideals. We further discuss the m-bi-ideal generated by a non-empty subset S, which is denoted by <S>_m= S∪Σ_finiteBS^mB, where B is the set of all bi-ideals.

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors for a Continuous G-Frame Operator

Hamid Faraj — 2024-05-27

In this paper, we give a simple characterization of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the continous G-frame operator for {Λ_ωP∈B(H,K_ω), ω∈Ω}, where H^N is an N-dimensional Hilbert space and P is a rank k orthogonal projection on H^N. Using this, we derive several results.

Chiti-type Reverse Hölder Inequality and Saint-Venant Theorem for Wedge Domains on Spheres

Abdelhalim Hasnaoui — 2024-05-27

In this paper, we prove a new weighted reverse Hölder inequality for the first eigenfunction of the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem in a domain completely contained in a wedge in the sphere S². This inequality is known as the Payne-Rayner inequality or Chiti-type inequality. We also prove an extension of Saint-Venant inequality for the relative torsional rigidity of such domains.

Mathematical Analysis for the Influence of Seasonality on Chikungunya Virus Dynamics

Hanan Almuashi — 2024-05-20

In this article, we discuss a mathematical system modelling Chikungunya virus dynamics in a seasonal environment with general incidence rates. We establish the existence, uniqueness, positivity and boundedness of a periodic orbit. We show that the global dynamics is determined using the basic reproduction number denoted by R₀ and calculated using the spectral radius of a linear integral operator. We show the global stability of the disease free periodic solution if R₀<1 and we show also the persistence of the disease if R₀>1 where the trajectories converge to a periodic orbit. Finally, we display some numerical examples confirming the theoretical findings.

An Augmented Mixed DG Scheme for the Electric Field

Abdelhamid Zaghdani — 2024-05-20

In this paper, a new augmented mixed DG formulation for the numerical approximation of the electrostatic field was introduced and studied. Its error analysis was carried out and an optimal error estimates as a function of the mesh size was obtained. Some numerical tests confirming the theoretical convergence were given.

Recent Developments in General Quasi Variational Inequalities

A. A. AlShejari — 2024-05-20

In this paper, we present a number of new and known numerical techniques for solving general quasi variational inequalities, introduced by Noor [34] in 1988, using various techniques including projection, Wiener-Hopf equations, auxiliary principle, dynamical systems coupled with finite difference approach and sensitivity analysis. Convergence analysis of these methods is investigated under suitable conditions. Sensitivity analysis is also investigated. Some special cases are discussed as applications of the main results. Several open problems are suggested for future research.

The Moderating Role of Technological Knowledge in the Relationship Between Perceived Sustainable Marketing and Intention to Agritourism

Nguyen Thi Viet Ha — 2024-05-20

Agritourism is a key component of sustainable tourism, focusing on minimizing environmental impacts. This study evaluates how technological knowledge influences tourist behavior and intentions within agritourism, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior for a structured quantitative analysis. Data from 348 visitors to orchards, farms, and aquaculture sites in agritourism settings were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results show a significant impact of perceived environmental factors on attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perceptions of sustainable marketing. Importantly, technological knowledge plays a vital moderating role in linking sustainable marketing perceptions to the intention to engage in agritourism. This research sheds light on the dynamic relationship between sustainable marketing, technological knowledge, and tourist behavior in agritourism, offering insights for businesses and policymakers to foster sustainable practices and enhance the appeal of agritourism experiences.

Characterization of Family of Rayleigh Distribution Through Record Values

M. I. Khan — 2024-05-20

An observation that shows greater than all the preceding observations, is called record. The characterization results via conditional expectation based on record values are expressed for family of Rayleigh distribution. Moreover, entropies based on distribution function are discussed and enumerated.

The Impact of Service Recovery Actions and Perceived Justice on Customer Satisfaction: Insights from Thailand's Private Hospitals

Thanuset Chokpiriyawat — 2024-05-20

The research explores service recovery strategies' impact on customer satisfaction, word-of-mouth (WOM), and revisit intention in private hospitals in Thailand, drawing upon the expectation confirmation theory and social exchange theory. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected via an online questionnaire from service users of private hospitals in Thailand, with 600 usable responses analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis with SEM. The findings reveal that service recovery actions (SRA) and perceived justice (PJ) significantly influence customer satisfaction with service recovery, WOM, and revisit intentions. Focusing on tangible actions and perceived justice can enhance customer retention in private hospitals. Private hospitals should emphasize tangible actions and perceived justice to enhance customer satisfaction and retention. Additionally, tailoring service recovery efforts based on customers' varying experience levels within the healthcare sector is crucial. The research contributes valuable insights to the healthcare industry's understanding of service recovery strategies, offering guidance for marketing strategy planning and enhancing customer satisfaction and retention in private hospitals in Thailand.

Fixed-Point Approaches for Multi-Valued Contraction Mappings in a Novel Space With an Application

Hasanen A. Hammad — 2024-05-20

The vital goals of this manuscript are to combine metric-like spaces with S-metric spaces under a control function to obtain a new space called the controlled S-metric-like spaces (CSMLSs, for short). Under this name, many fixed-point (FP) results have been obtained for multi-valued mappings (MVMs). In addition, we present several non-trivial examples to back up our statements. The results obtained generalize and unify many results in the same direction. Finally, to support and test the adequacy of the theoretical results, the existence of the solution to the differential inclusion problem (DIP) was studied as a type of application.

Some Results on Subspace Cesaro-Hypercyclic Operators

Mohammed El Berrag — 2024-05-14

In this paper we characterize the notion of subspace Cesaro-hypercyclic. At the same time, we also provide a Subspace Cesaro-hypercyclic Criterion and offer an equivalent conditions of this criterion.

Typical Sequence of Real Numbers From the Unit Interval Has All Distribution Functions

József Bukor — 2024-05-06

This note is devoted to the study of typical properties (in Baire category sense) of sequences of real numbers in [0, 1]. We prove that the subset of sequences that have all distribution functions forms a residual set.

Some Results of n-EP Operators on Hilbert Spaces

Safa Menkad — 2024-05-14

Let B(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a complex Hilbert space H and n∈N. An operator T∈B(H) with closed range, is called n-EP operator if Tⁿ commutes with T⁺. In this paper, we present some new characterizations of n-EP operators, using Moore-penrose and Drazin inverse. Also, the problem of determining when the product of two operators is n-EP will be considered. As a consequence, we generalize a famous result on products of normal operators, due to I. Kaplansky to n-EP operators.

Mathematical Analysis for a Zika Virus Dynamics in a Seasonal Environment

Fatema Ahmed Al Najim — 2024-04-22

We propose a mathematical model for the Zika virus (ZIKV) spread under the influence of a seasonal environment. The basic reproduction number R₀ was calculated for both cases, the fixed and seasonal environment permitting the characterisation of the extinction and the persistence of the disease for both cases. We proved that the virus-free steady state is globally asymptotically stable if R₀≤1, while the disease will be persist if R₀>1. Finally, extensive numerical simulations are given to confirm the theoretical findings.

An Algorithm for Nonlinear Problems Based on Fixed Point Methodologies With Applications

Zhenhua Ma — 2024-05-06

This research presents a highly efficient fixed point algorithm for the computation of fixed points for a very general class of nonexpansive mappings called generalized (α, β)-nonexpansive mappings within the context of uniformly convex Banach space. Our research establishes both weak and strong convergence theorems of the scheme. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the class of generalized (α, β)-nonexpansive mappings contain many classes of nonlinear mappings of the classical literature. Then, we perform various numerical computations to prove the efficiency of the proposed approach. We also study the convergence analysis of the scheme for two dimensional space with taxicab norm. Moreover, we show that our new result gives an alternative approach for solving Caputo fractional differential equation in a novel mappings setting.

Perfect Quadratic Forms Connected With a Lattice and Cubature Formulas

Kh. M. Shadimetov — 2024-04-22

In the present work, a new improved Voronoi algorithm is proposed for calculating the Voronoi neighborhood of a perfect form in many variables, and using this algorithm, all non-equivalent adjacent perfect forms in five variables are calculated.

Efficient Modified Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations

Mariam Al-Mazmumy — 2024-05-06

Based on the application of the standard Adomian method, the current paper proposes two modification approaches for the classes of the fractional differential equations and the system of fractional differential equations, which are featured through initial-value problems. Certainly, the constructed iterative schemes for the two classes are shown to be reliable, considering a number of test problems for demonstration, and upon deploying other existing numerical approaches for contrasting. In fact, the proposed schemes are found to portray less error, rapidity, accuracy and consume less computational time among others.

Global Properties of a Discrete SARS-CoV-2/HIV Co-Dynamics Model

M. A. Alshaikh — 2024-04-22

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a respiratory disease. In this paper, we analyze the global stability of a discrete SARS-CoV-2/HIV co-dynamics model. We create the discrete model by applying a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) method. We demonstrate that NSFD retains essential solution properties, including positivity and boundedness. We determine the fixed points and identify their existence conditions. We investigate the global stability of these fixed points through the application of the Lyapunov method. To complement our analytical findings, we present numerical simulations.

Impact of Infection on Honeybee Population Dynamics in a Seasonal Environment

Miled El Hajji — 2024-05-06

We studied a non-autonomous model for the spread of disease within a bee colony under the influence of seasonality where we consider time-dependent parameters to integrate the impact of the periodicity of weather on the Honeybee population dynamics. We proved that the system admits a unique bounded positive solution, and also a global attractor set. The basic reproduction number, R₀, was defined as the spectral radius of a linear integral operator. We proved that the global dynamics is determined by this threshold parameter: If R₀≤1, then the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable, while if R₀>1, then the disease persists. We confirmed the theoretical results trough an extensive numerical simulations.

Multiple and Singular Soliton Solutions for Space–Time Fractional Coupled Modified Korteweg–De Vries Equations

Abaker A. Hassaballa — 2024-04-22

The focus of this paper is on the nonlinear coupled evolution equations, specifically within the context of the fractional coupled modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation, employing the conformable fractional derivative (CFD) approach. The primary objective of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the applicability of the Hirota bilinear method for deriving analytical solutions to the fractional mKdV equations. A range of exact analytical solutions for the fractional coupled mKdV equations is obtained. The findings in general indicate that the Hirota bilinear method is an effective approach for resolving the complexities associated with the fractional coupled mKdV equations.

Mathematical Investigation of Non-Linear Reaction-Diffusion Equations on Multiphase Flow Transport in the Entrapped-Cell Photobioreactor Using Asymptotic Methods

A. Reena — 2024-05-06

The mathematical investigation of a multiphase flow transport model intended to clarify the interaction mechanism between reactions and diffusion processes in the gel granules containing the entrapped-cell photobioreactor Rhodopseudomonas palustris CQK 01 is presented in this research. The model uses two pertinent non-linear reaction-diffusion equations for biochemical interactions in the photobioreactor under steady-state circumstances to reflect the substrate and product concentration within the gel granules. The solid phase and liquid phase fluxes within the gel granules and their concentrations are analytically calculated using the asymptotic methods of the Akbari-Ganji method and the homotopy perturbation approach. Our analytical results and the numerical data obtained by MATLAB software are compared to determine accuracy. The analytical results agreed with the simulated results for all possible reaction-diffusion and saturation parameter values. In addition, the impacts of applying two limiting cases—saturated and unsaturated enzyme kinetics—were examined. The close correspondence between the simulated and analytical data demonstrates that the parameters in our suggested solution can be used to simulate the dynamic performance of a system.

Identifying the Severity of Criminal Activity in Society Using Picture Fuzzy Baire Space

K. Tamilselvan — 2024-04-08

In this paper, the idea of picture fuzzy Baire space is explored and its properties are examined. The features of picture fuzzy semi-closed and semi-open sets, picture fuzzy nowhere dense sets, picture fuzzy first and second category sets, picture fuzzy residual sets, picture fuzzy submaximal spaces, picture fuzzy strongly irresolvable spaces, picture fuzzy G_δ set, picture fuzzy F_σ set, and picture fuzzy regular closed sets are analyzed. To understand the concepts, some examples are provided. An algorithm using picture fuzzy Baire space is developed to address real-world scenarios. This method is more effective in assessing criminal activity as it identifies an individual who has committed a more serious offense. This algorithmic approach proves its effectiveness in navigating the complexities of practical examples, showcasing its potential for real-world applications.

Weak (τ1, τ2)-Continuity for Multifunctions

Napassanan Srisarakham — 2024-05-06

This paper is concerned with the concept of weakly (τ1, τ2)-continuous multifunctions. Moreover, several characterizations of weakly (τ1, τ2)-continuous multifunctions are investigated.

F-Modular b-Metric Spaces and Some Analogies of Classical Fixed Point Theorems

Parveen Tyagi — 2024-04-08

The main aim of this study is to provide a novel concept of F-modular b-metric spaces. Within this comprehensive framework, we establish three well-known fixed point theorems for self-maps. The results we have obtained broaden and enrich prior findings in the field of fixed point theory. To support our arguments, we provide four concrete examples along with graphical representations.

Adomian Decomposition Method With Inverse Differential Operator and Orthogonal Polynomials for Nonlinear Models

M. Almazmumy — 2024-04-08

A proficient Adomian decomposition method is proposed amidst the presence of inverse differential operator and orthogonal polynomials for solving nonlinear differential models. The method is indeed a reformation of the standard Adomian method thereby improving the rapidity of the solution's convergence rate. A generalized recurrent scheme for a general nonlinear model was derived and further utilized to solve certain nonlinear test models. Lastly, numerical results are reported in comparative tables, demonstrating absolute error differences between the exact and approximate solutions with regards to various employed orthogonal polynomials.

New Auxiliary Principle Technique for General Harmonic Directional Variational Inequalities

A. A. Alshejari — 2024-04-08

This paper explores the utilisation of harmonic variational inequalities to establish the minimum value among two locally Lipschitz continuous harmonic convex functions. This investigation introduces novel classes of harmonic directed variational inequalities, particularly focusing on scenarios like harmonic complementarity and related optimization challenges. The study proposes and analyses various inertial iterative strategies for addressing harmonic directed variational inequalities through the auxiliary principle technique. It examines convergence criteria under specific weak conditions, emphasising the simplicity of the approach compared to other methodologies. The findings presented herein have broad applicability in the context of harmonic variational inequalities and optimization problems, though they are limited to theoretical exploration. Further research is required to implement these strategies numerically.

A Study on Degree Based Topological Indices of Harary Subdivision Graphs With Application

Mukhtar Ahmad — 2024-04-08

Combinatorial design theory and graph decompositions play a critical role in the exploration of combinatorial design theory and are essential in mathematical sciences. The process of graph decomposition involves partitioning the set of edges in a graph G. An n-sun graph, characterized by a cycle with an edge connecting each vertex to a terminating vertex of degree one, is introduced in this study. The concept of n-sun decomposition is applied to certain even-order graphs. The indices covered in this study include the general connectivity index of the harary graphs, Zagreb indices, symmetric division degree indices and randic indices.

Paley Wiener Theorem on a Reductive Lie Group

Neantien Claudio Zoto Bi — 2024-04-08

Let G be a locally compact group, K a maximal compact subgroup of G and δ on arbitrary class of irreducible unitary representations of K. The spherical Grassmannian G_p,δ is an equivalence class of spherical functions of type δ−positive of height p. In this work, we give an extension of orbital integral with respect to δ, when G is reductive Lie group. Moreover, if the discret serie is not empty, we give an extension of Paley-Wiener theorem using a compact Cartan subgroup of G.

Approximation of Periodic Functions by Wavelet Fourier Series

Varsha Karanjgaokar — 2024-04-08

This paper aims to examine the expansion of periodic functions using wavelet bases. M. Skopina [8] obtained a Wavelet analog of the classical Jackson’s theorem for trigonometric approximation. Our result generalizes the result of M. Skopina [8] and V. Karanjgaokar et al. [15].

Geometrical Aspect of Pointwise Semi-Slant Conformal Submersions

Mohammad Shuaib — 2024-04-08

The aim of this paper is to define pointwise semi-slant conformal submersions from locally product Riemannian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We investigated the conditions under which the distributions are integrable and the leaves of the distributions defines totally geodesic foliation. Additionally, we examined the concept of pluriharmonicity of pointwise semi-slant conformal submersions. In support of the results we obtained, we present non-trivial examples.

Fuzzy (Almost, δ) Ideal Continuous Mappings

Fahad Alsharari — 2024-03-22

In this paper, we introduce the concept of fuzzy δ-ideal continuous, fuzzy θ-ideal continuous, fuzzy strongly δ-ideal continuous and fuzzy almost ideal continuous mappings in fuzzy ideal topological spaces given the definition of Sostak. In addition, we study some properties between them.

A Study on Quotient Structures of Bipolar Fuzzy Finite State Machines

Aiyared Iampan — 2024-03-22

This article introduces different congruence relations on the bipolar fuzzy set associated with the bipolar fuzzy finite state machine. Each congruence relation associates a semigroup with the bipolar fuzzy finite automata. We also discuss characterizing a bipolar fuzzy finite state machine by defining an admissible relation.

On KU-Modules Over KU-Algebras

Moin A. Ansari — 2024-03-22

The paper introduces the concept of modules for KU-algebras, named as KU-modules. It presents basic isomorphism theorems for KU-modules and explores their applications, particularly concerning chains of KU-modules. Additionally, it defines and examines exact sequences of KU-modules. The paper discusses various properties of chains of KU-modules and establishes the butterfly lemma in the context of KU-modules.

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Mappings Satisfying (E.A)-Property on Cone Normed B-Metric Spaces

K. Maheshwaran — 2024-03-22

In this article, we demonstrate the conditions for the existence of common fixed points (CFP)theorems for four self-maps satisfying the common limit range (E.A)-property on cone normed B-metric spaces (CNBMS). Furthermore, we have an unique common fixed point for two weakly compatible (WC) pairings.

Estimations with Step-Stress Partially Accelerated Life Tests for Ailamujia Distribution under Type-I Censored Data

Mohammad A. Amleh — 2024-03-22

This paper addresses the problem of estimating parameters in partial accelerated life tests following the Ailamujia distribution under Type-I censoring, employing both the maximum likelihood approach and the least squares method. The assessment of estimation methods involves a comprehensive simulation study, complemented by the analysis of a real dataset for illustrative purposes. The findings reveal the least square estimation method outperforms maximum likelihood estimation, considering biases and mean square errors.

On Interior Bases of Ordered Semigroups

Wichayaporn Jantanan — 2024-03-22

In this paper, the notions of interior bases of ordered semigroups are introduced, and some examples are also presented. We describe a characterization when a non-empty subset of an ordered semigroup is an interior base of an ordered semigroup. Finally, a characterization when an interior base of an ordered semigroup is a subsemigroup of an ordered semigroup will be given.

Solving a Nonlinear Fractional Integral Equation by Fixed Point Approaches Using Auxiliary Functions Under Measure of Noncompactness

Hasanen A. Hammad — 2024-03-18

This manuscript is devoted to ensure the existence of a solution to nonlinear fractional integral equations with three variables under a measure of noncompactness. In order to accomplish our main goal, we develop a new fixed point theorem that generalizes Darbo’s fixed point theorem by utilizing a measure of noncompactness and a new contraction operator. A related tripled FP theorem is also obtained. Finally, we use this generalized Darbo’s fixed point theorem to solve a nonlinear fractional integral equation involving three variables, and an example to demonstrate our results is presented.

Improving the Performance of a Series-Parallel System Based on Gamma Distribution

Abdelfattah Mustafa — 2024-03-18

The performance of a series-parallel system is improved by using the reliability equivalence factors technique. The lifetimes of the components are assumed to be gamma distributed. The system reliability is improved by using three different methods: (i) Reduction method, (ii) Hot duplication method, (iii) Cold duplication method. The reliability function and mean time to failure for each method are derived. Finally, the numerical application is introduced.

Qualitative Behavior for a Discretized Conformable Fractional-Order Lotka-Volterra Model With Harvesting Effects

Messaoud Berkal — 2024-03-18

The predator-prey model is a widely mathematical structure that explains the dynamics between two interacting populations: predators and prey. The predator-prey interaction represents a fundamental dynamic in nature, influencing the stability and balance of ecosystems worldwide. The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the complex interactions and feedback mechanisms between predators and prey in ecological systems via mathematical tools such as stability and bifurcation. We investigate a fractional-order Lotka-Volterra model with a harvesting effect using stability and bifurcation theory. The equilibrium points and local stability of the purposed model are presented in this article. The bifurcation analysis, which is a potent approach used to analyse the qualitative behavior of the predator-prey system as the parameter values are varied, is also explored. In particular, a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation and a period-doubling bifurcation are theoretically and numerically examined. Furthermore, we illustrate some 2D figures to show the phase portriat and bifurcations of this model at various points.

Dynamical Analysis of Thirtieth-Order Difference Equations

Tshenolo Thomas — 2024-03-18

The main goal of this paper is to determine exact solutions of a family of thirtieth-order difference equations with variable coefficients. We use similarity variables obtained via symmetries to lower the order of the equations. We then reverse the transformations and obtain closed form solutions. We compare our solutions to those found in the literature for special cases. We investigate the periodic nature of the solutions and present some numerical examples to confirm the results. Finally, we analyze the stability of the equilibrium points. The method employed in this work can be applied to equations of higher order provided that they admit non zero characteristics.

On Cesaro-Hypercyclic Operators

Mohammed El Berrag — 2024-03-18

In this paper we characterize some properties of the Cesaro-Hypercyclic and mixing operators. At the same time, we also give a Cesaro-Hypercyclicity criterion and offer an example of this criterion.

Estimation of Parameters for the Mathematical Model of the Spread of Hepatitis B in Burkina Faso Using Grey Wolf Optimizer

Adama Kiemtore — 2024-03-18

In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of differential susceptibility, taking into account vaccination and treatment, to simulate the transmission of the hepatitis B virus in the population of Burkina Faso. The existence and uniqueness of non-negative solutions are proved. The model has a globally asymptotically stable disease free equilibrium when the basic reproduction number R₀ < 1 and an endemic equilibrium when R₀ > 1. We estimated the parameters of the model based on hepatitis B cases from 1997 to 2020 by using a Grey Wolf Optimizer Algorithm (GWO). The results demonstrated the efficacy of the GWO algorithm in estimating the model parameters. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the determining factors in the spread of hepatitis B in Burkina Faso. The estimated parameters were used to simulate the spread of hepatitis B in Burkina Faso from 1997 to 2020.

Strictly Wider Class of Soft Sets via Supra Soft δ-Closure Operator

Alaa M. Abd El-latif — 2024-03-11

In this work, we use the supra soft δ-closure operator to present a new notion of generalized closed sets in supra soft topological spaces (or SSTSs), named supra soft δ-generalized closed sets. We show that, this notion is more general than many of previous notions, which presented before in famous papers. We illustrate many of its essential properties in detail. Specifically, we illustrate that the new collection neither forms soft topology nor supra soft topology. Moreover, we study the behavior of the soft image and soft pre-images of supra soft δ-generalized closed sets under new types of soft mappings, named supra soft irresolute and supra soft δ-irresolute closed. In addition, we define the concept of supra soft δ-generalized open sets, as a complement of supra soft δ-generalized closed sets. Finally, the relationships with other forms of generalized open sets in SSTSs are explored, supported by concrete examples and counterexamples. Therefore, I think the development of the notions presented in this paper are sufficiently general relevance to allow for future extensions.

Inertial Algorithms for Bifunction Harmonic Variational Inequalities

A. A. AlShejari — 2024-03-11

In this paper, we introduce and study some new classes of bifunction harmonic variational inequalities. Various new and known classes of variational inequalities and complementarity problems can obtained as special classes of bifunction harmonic variational inequalities. The auxiliary principle technique is applied to suggest and analyze some hybrid inertial iterative methods for finding the approximate solutions of the bifunction harmonic variational inequalities. The convergence analysis of these iterative methods is also considered under some suitable conditions. Results proved in this paper can be viewed as a refinement and improvement of the known results. It is an interesting open problem to develop some implementable numerical methods for solving these problems and to explore the applications in mathematical and engineering sciences.

Mathematical Investigation for Two-Bacteria Competition in Presence of a Pathogen With Leachate Recirculation

Miled El Hajji — 2024-03-04

This paper provides a thorough exploration of two-species competition in a continuous bioreactor when adding a pathogen that affects only one species and with leachate recirculation inside the reactor. The dynamics is modelled by a well-constructed system of nonlinear differential equations extending the classical model of the chemostat by adding more realism, enhancing its applicability. The nonnegativity and boundedness of trajectories, the determination of steady states and their local stability strengthens the credibility of the proposed system. The global stability analysis was conducted using uniform persistence theory. The coexistence of both species under somewhat natural assumptions is a key finding, contradicting the well-known competitive exclusion principle. Several numerical examples offer a practical demonstration of the theoretical concepts.

Application of an Ansatz Method on a Delay Model With a Proportional Delay Parameter

Mona Aljoufi — 2024-03-04

Delay differential equations are fundamental tools to modeling various real-world problems. A particular type of these models is considered in this paper in the form y’(t) = ay(t) + ae^aty(at), where a is a proportional delay parameter. Solving delay equations is usually a difficult task. This is because there are no standard/well-known methods for solving such kind of equations. This paper proposes a simple procedure to solve the above delay equation. The solution is obtained in closed form which is optimal. The suggested analysis can be invested to analyze more complex models in physics and engineering sciences.

On Null Vertex in Fuzzy Graphs

M.P. Sunil — 2024-03-04

We introduce a new type of vertex in fuzzy graphs, namely null vertex, which is neither a boundary vertex nor an interior vertex. Here, we initiate a study on the null vertex in fuzzy graphs, explore its properties and establish its presence in various types of fuzzy graphs.

A New Four-Step Iterative Approximation Scheme for Reich-Suzuki-Type Nonexpansive Operators in Banach Spaces

Dhekra M. Albaqeri — 2024-03-04

In this paper, we present a new four-step iterative scheme namely DH-iterative which is faster than many super algorithms in the literature for numerical reckoning fixed points. Under this algorithm, some fixed point convergence results and ω 2 -stability for contractive-like and Reich-Suzuki-type nonexpansive mappings are proposed. Our results extend and improve several related results in the literature. Finally, some numerical examples are given to study the efficiency and effectiveness of our iterative method.

Analysis of the Economic Cost of Coxian-2 Service with Encouraged Arrival and Balking

S. Immaculate — 2024-03-04

The queuing model is widely used in the production, inventory, and service industries. In order to improve the performance of a queuing model, it is crucial to characterize the practical queuing characteristics. The purpose of this work is to examine an analysis of the economic cost of Coxian-2 service with encouraged arrival and balking in a queuing system. In particular, we discussed Coxian-2 service-encouraged arrival queuing system and an accelerated distribution. According to our presumption, units (customers) enter the system one at a time in an encouraged arrival procedure, and the server offers Coxian-2 service one at a time according to the first in first out (FIFO) rule. As probability-generating functions, the typical customer count, and the typical customer wait time in the system and queue, respectively. We also derive steady-state probabilities and performance measures for the proposed model. Finally, the economic analysis of the model is performed by introducing cost model with an empirical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed model. The created formula also fulfills Little’s formula.

Entropy Analysis of Nanofluid flow in a Fluidized Bed Dryer in Presence of Induced Magnetic Field

Kiptum J. Purity — 2024-03-04

The study investigates generation of entropy in an unsteady, incompressible nanofluid flow occurring within a fluidized bed dryer used in tea processing industries. The study considered the presence of variable magnetic field, influence of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation and chemical reaction. The nonlinear partial differential equations of momentum, energy and concentration were derived. A finite difference numerical scheme was employed to obtain an approximate solution for the nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow. Entropy generation is then determined from velocity, concentration and temperature profiles obtained from solution of momentum, mass and energy equations. The study illustrated the impact of various flow parameters on entropy generation and Bejan number through graphical presentations while numerical values for skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates were provided in tabular form. Study of entropy generation allows one identify factors which contribute to energy inefficiencies in a thermal system and allows different stakeholders or designers of bed dryers in tea factories identify ways of improving the dryer or designing more effective dryers. Bejan number is used in thermodynamics to evaluate efficiency of thermal systems such as fluidized bed dryers. It helps one design heat exchangers which maximizes heat transfer while minimizing energy losses. The findings of this study are essential in improving the performance, efficiency and the design of a fluidized bed dryer involving heat and mass transfer as well as fluid flow.

Some Results of Malcev-Neumann Rings

Kholood Alnefaie — 2024-02-27

Let us consider the function σ, which maps elements from the group G to the group of automorphisms of the ring R. In this paper, we are studying new conditions under which the Malcev-Neumann ring R∗((G)) is a PS, APP, PF, PP, and a Zip rings, respectively. It has been demonstrated that if R is a reduced ring and σ is weakly rigid, then the Malcev-Neumann ring R∗((G)) over a PS-ring is a PS. Furthermore, if σ is weakly rigid and the ring R satisfies the descending chain condition on left annihilators, then the Malcev-Neumann ring R∗((G)) is a right APP-ring if and only if, for any G-indexed generated right ideal A of R, r_R(A) is left s-unital. Additionally, we have proven that if R is a commutative ring and σ is weakly rigid, then the Malcev-Neumann ring R∗((G)) is a PF ring if and only if, for any two G-indexed subsets A and B of R such that B⊆ann_R(A), there exists c∈ann_R(A) such that bc = b for all b ∈ B. These results extend the corresponding findings for polynomial rings and Laurent power series rings.

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Roughness via Ideals

Fahad Alsharari — 2024-02-27

In this paper, we connect the idea of single-valued neutrosophic ideal to the concept of single-valued neutrosophic approximation space to define the concept of single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation spaces. We present the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation interior operator int^ψ_Φ and the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation closure operator cl^ψ_Φ, and we present the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation preinterior operator pint_ψ^Φ and the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation pre-closure operator pcl_ψ^Φ about this concerning single-valued neutrosophic ideal defined on the single-valued neutrosophic approximation space (χ˜,ϕ) related with some single-valued neutrosophic set ψ∈ξ^χ˜. Also, we present single-valued neutrosophic separation axioms, single-valued neutrosophic connectedness, and single-valued neutrosophic compactness in single-valued neutrosophic approximation spaces and single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation spaces as well, and prove the associations in between.

Conformable Granular Fractional Differentiability for Fuzzy Number Valued Functions

G. Anusha — 2024-02-27

This paper deals with the utilization of the concept of the granular differentiability to establish a fractional derivative of the conformable type for fuzzy number valued functions. Subsequently, we introduce the notion of a conformable granular integral and provide evidence of its fundamental properties pertaining to differentiability and integrability through illustrative examples. Lastly, we delve into the discussion of the solution approach for the conformable granular initial value problem (CGIVP), as well as the solution of conformable granular differential equations (CGDEqs) associated with growth and decay.

Impact of Dataset Scaling on Hierarchical Clustering: A Comparative Analysis of Distance-Based and Ratio-Based Methods

Ali Rashash R. Alzahrani — 2024-02-27

In this study, the distance-based agglomerative hierarchical clustering techniques were compared to a ratio-based approach. Two real datasets, which were also used in a prior study by Roux (2018), were considered. Firstly, it was observed that the type of scaling applied to the datasets was found to affect the results of hierarchical clustering. Thus, various scaling methods were employed prior to implementing hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, two rank-based goodness-of-fit measures were used to evaluate the hierarchical clustering methods. In contrast to Roux (2018) findings, it was observed that the distance-based methods, such as Median linkage, Average linkage, and centroid linkage, performed better than the ratio-based method. The ratio-based methods also showed issues with branch crossing in the hierarchical clustering dendrogram. Consequently, this study illustrates that, with appropriate dataset scaling, the distance-based methods outperform ratio-based methods in terms of goodness-of-fit measures.

Bertrand Offsets of Spacelike Ruled Surfaces With Blaschke Approach

Awatif Al-Jedani — 2024-02-27

Dual parametrizaions of the Bertrand offset- spacelike ruled surfaces are assigned and sundry modern outcomes are acquired in view of their integral invariants. A modern characterization of the Bertrand offsets of spacelike developable surfaces is specified. Further, many connections among the striction curves of Bertrand offsets of spacelike ruled surfaces and their integral invariants are gained.

Optimal Impulse Control for Systems Deriven by Stochastic Delayed Differential Equations

Ismail Hamid Elsanousi — 2024-02-27

In this paper we study the problem of optimal impulse control for stochastic systems with delay in the case when the value function of the impulse problem depends only on the initial data of the given process through its initial value (value at zero) and some weighted averages. A verification theorem for such impulse control problem is given. As an example the optimal stream of dividends with transaction costs is solved.

Characterizations of Almost (τ1, τ2)-Continuous Functions

Chawalit Boonpok — 2024-02-13

This paper is concerned with the concept of almost (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous functions. Moreover, some characterizations of almost (τ₁, τ₂)-continuous functions are investigated.

Practical Aspects for Applying Picard Iterations to the SIR Model Using Actual Data

I. K. Youssef — 2024-02-13

The updated version of the Picard method for solving systems of differential equations is employed to solve the SIR system. A local performance of the Picard iteration algorithm combined with the Gauss-Seidel approach is applied to the SIR model. The integral form of the SIR model, in addition to the use of Gauss-Seidel philosophy (using the most recent calculated values), achieved more accuracy in the computational work than those obtained using the differential forms. Documented data regarding the spread of corona virus 19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia region from April to the end of December 2020 were used to calculate the corresponding actual values for the parameters and the initial conditions. Due to efficient management and to obtain representable behaviours, we restricted the size of the study to only 1% of the population. The global characteristics of the integral formulation have affected the calculations accurately. The initial conditions and the model’s parameters are established depending on the documented data. The results illustrate the superiority of the updated Picard formulation over the classical Picard within their domain of convergence. The results of this study illuminate and validate the importance of mathematical modeling. These findings can provide valuable insights into mathematical modeling for those involved in environmental health research, especially those responsible for devising strategic plans.

A Kinetic Non-Steady-State Analysis of Immobilized Enzyme Systems Without External Mass Transfer Resistance

M. Sivakumar — 2024-02-13

In this paper, a non-steady-state non-linear reaction diffusion in immobilized enzyme on the nonporous medium is considered for its mathematical analysis. The non-linear terms in this model are related to the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. For the considered model, the approximate analytical expressions of the substrate concentration and the effectiveness factor for the various geometric profiles of immobilized enzyme pellets are obtained using homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The obtained approximate analytical expressions proved to be fit for all values of parameters. Numerical solutions are also provided using the MATLAB software. When comparing the analytical and the numerical solutions, satisfactory results are noted. The effects of Thiele modulus and Michaelis-Menten kinetic constants on the effectiveness factor are also analyzed.

Application of Deep Belief Network in Weather Modeling: PM2.5 Concentration in Thailand

Wandee Wanishsakpong — 2024-02-13

In Thailand, the number of particles matter with diameter of less than 2.5 microns or PM_2.5 concentration exceed the standard in many areas, especially in Chiang Mai. This affects the image of the country in terms of economy, health, and environment. The objective of this research is to study the structure of model for PM_2.5 concentration by using a Deep Belief Network (DBN) with the daily data set of PM_2.5 concentration from the air quality monitoring station at Yupparaj Wittayalai School, Chiang Mai. The data was analyzed through an unsupervised path using the Minimizing Contrastive Divergence (MCD) algorithm, followed by a supervised path using Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm to estimate the parameters of DBN. The result shows that the optimal DBN structure has 5 input nodes and 20 hidden neurons in the first hidden layer. This model has an 88.4 percent accuracy in forecasting PM_2.5 concentration. In addition, this model can be applied for other weather forecasting such as rainfall or water level in a basin.

A Class of Non-Bazilevic Functions Subordinate to Gegenbauer Polynomials

Waleed Al-Rawashdeh — 2024-02-05

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a class non-Bazilevic functions that associated by Gegenbauer Polynomials. The coefficient estimates of functions belonging to this class are derived. Moreover, we obtain the classical Fekete-Szegö inequality of functions belonging to this class.

Convergence of Modified S-Iteration to Common Fixed Points of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Hyperbolic Spaces

S. Jone Jayashree — 2024-02-05

In this paper, we provide some sufficient conditions for the strong convergence of an improved form of modified S-iteration for approximating common fixed points of two asymptotically nonexpansive mappings defined on a closed convex subset of a uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces.

Tripled Fixed Point Approaches and Hyers-Ulam Stability With Applications

Hasanen A. Hammad — 2024-02-05

In this paper, we present tripling fixed point results for extended contractive mappings in the context of a generalized metric space. Many publications in the literature are improved, unified, and generalized by our theoretical results. Furthermore, the Ulam-Hyers stability problem for the tripled fixed point problem in vector-valued metric spaces has been examined as a stability analysis for fixed point approaches. Finally, as a type of application to support our research, the theoretical conclusions are used to explore the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a periodic boundary value problem.

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Ideal Approximation Spaces

Yaser Saber — 2024-02-05

In this paper, we defined the basic idea of the single-valued neutrosophic upper (α_n)^δ, single-valued neutrosophic lower (α_n)_δ and single-valued neutrosophic boundary sets (α_n)^B of a rough single-valued neutrosophic set αn in a single-valued neutrosophic approximation space (F˜, δ). Based on α_n and δ, we introduced the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation interior operator int^δ_αn and the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation closure operator Cl^δ_αn. We joined the single-valued neutrosophic ideal notion with the single-valued neutrosophic approximation spaces and then introduced the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation closure and interior operators associated with a rough single-valued neutrosophic set α_n. single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation connectedness and the single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation continuity between single-valued neutrosophic ideal approximation spaces are introduced. The concepts of single-valued neutrosophic groups and their approximations have also been applied in the development of fuzzy systems, enhancing their ability to model and reason using uncertain and imprecise information.

Optimal Quadrature Formula of Hermite Type in the Space of Differentiable Functions

Khalmatvay Shadimetov — 2024-02-05

In this research work, a new derived optimal quadrature formula is discussed, which includes the sum of the values of the function and its first and second order derivatives at the points located at the same distance on the interval [0,1] in the L₂^(m)(0,1) space. we first obtain an analytical representation of the error function norm, and a system of equations of the Wiener-Hopf type construct using the method of Lagrange unknown multipliers for finding the conditional extremum of multivariable functions. Optimal coefficients found by solving the system. Using the exact form of the optimal coefficients, the norm of the error functional of the optimal quadrature formula for m=3 and m=4 calculate and the order of approximation was shown to be O(h^m). The obtain theoretical conclusions confirmed by numerical experiments.

Modified Intuitionistic Quantum Fuzzy Operators for Binary Optimization Problems

Thammarat Panityakul — 2024-01-29

To facilitate the realization of this groundbreaking concept, this paper presents an original approach to represent intuitionistic fuzzy sets and operators through quadratic optimization problems. This approach aims to enable the deployment of fuzzy inference mechnism on a specific category of quantum computers referred to as quantum annealers.

The Exact Norm of Modified Hardy Operator in Power-Weighted Lebesgue Spaces

Pebrudal Zanu — 2024-01-29

We consider the necessary and sufficient condition for boundedness of modified Hardy operators from a power-weighted Lebesgue space to another. We also compute the exact norm of modified n-dimensional Hardy operators from those spaces.

Generalization of Homotopy Analysis Method for q-Fractional Non-linear Differential Equations

B. Madhavi — 2024-01-29

This paper presents a generalization of the Homotopy analysis method (HAM) for finding the solutions of nonlinear q-fractional differential equations (q-FDEs). This method shows that the series solution in the case of generalized HAM is more likely to converge than that on HAM. In order that it is applicable to solve immensely non-linear problems and also address a few issues, such as the impact of varying the auxiliary parameter, auxiliary function, and auxiliary linear operator on the order of convergence of the method. The generalized HAM method is more accurate than the HAM.

On the Spectral Theory of Regularized Quasi-Semigroups

Youness Zahouan — 2024-01-29

We have shown a spectral inclusion between a different spectrum of a C₀-quasi-semigroups in [9]. Precisely for Saphar, essentially Saphar, quasi-Fredholm, Kato and essentially Kato spectra. In this paper, we extend these results for a C-quasi-semigroups (regularized quasi-semigroups) where C is a bounded injective operator.

Fixed Point Set and Equivariant Map of a S-Topological Transformation Group

C. Rajapandiyan — 2024-01-29

The fixed point set and equivariant map of a S-topological transformation group is explored in this work. For any subset K of G, it is established that the fixed point set X^K is clopen in X and for a free S-topological transformation group, it is proved that the fixed point set of K is equal to the fixed point set of closure and interior of the subgroup of G generated by K. Subsequently, it is proved that the map between STC_G(X) and STC_G’(X’) is a homomorphism under a Φ’- equivariant map. Also, it is proved that there is an isomorphism between the quotient topological groups and some basic properties of fixed point set of a S-topological transformation group are studied.

Numerical Study for MHD Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid Over a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Thermal Radiation with Soret and Dufour Effects

Abdelmgid O.M. Sidahmed — 2024-01-22

This paper investigates the impact of Soret and Dufour's MHD flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation. By a similarity transformation, the controlling partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Using the successive linearization method (SLM), the linear system is solved. A determination and discussion of the impacts of specific fluid parameters on the temperature, concentration distribution, and velocity are presented. As the magnetic field increases, we observe that the temperature and concentration profiles rise, while the velocity profile falls. In addition, increases in the Dufour and Soret levels will also result in an improvement in the temperature and concentration distribution. The validity of the acquired results is tested by comparing them to previously published works, with particular attention paid to the accuracy and convergence of the solution.

On the Stability of Quadratic-Quartic (Q2Q4) Functional Equation over Non-Archimedean Normed Space

A. Ramachandran — 2024-01-22

In the present work the stability of Hyers-Ulam mixed type of quadratic-quartic Cauchy functional equation
g(2x+y)+g(2x−y)=4g(x+y)+4g(x−y)+2g(2x)−8g(x)−6g(y)
has been proved over Non-Archimedean normed space.

A Hybrid Laplace Transform-Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (LT-OHAM) for Solving Integro-Differential Equations of the Second Kind

Mohammad Almousa — 2024-01-22

The new proposed hybrid method between optimal homotopy asymptotic method and Laplace transform namely LT-OHAM is formulated for the first time in our paper. This hybrid method presents significant features of LT-OHAM and its capability of handling IDEs. This formulation is developed to find the solution of IDEs. By using the new presented hybrid method, some applications of IDEs are solved. This hybrid method seems very efficient and easy to solve these types of equations.

Sufficient Reduction Method for Bivariate Zero-Inflated Poisson Process

Sawaporn Hinsheranan — 2024-01-16

The sufficient reduction (SR) method was developed for detecting a mean shift in a bivariate zero-inflated Poisson process. The derived sequence of statistics from the reduction was monitored with the EWMA and EWMA-SN charts for monitoring a mean shift in a process. The detection performance was compared against other SR methods developed for a Poisson process and evaluated via the simulations under the different shift sizes and proportions of zero in the process. The results showed that the presence of zeros in the process influenced the performance of SR methods by delaying shift detection and reducing the detection accuracy, especially when shift size was small. The proposed method with the EWMA chart gave the shortest delay for detecting a small to moderate shift and gave the highest true alarm rate and the lowest non-detection rate for detecting a small shift compared to other methods.

Fear and Hunting Cooperation's Impact on the Eco-Epidemiological Model's Dynamics

Nabaa Hassain Fakhry — 2024-01-16

Due to the fact that living organisms do not exist individually, but rather exist in clusters interacting with each other, which helps to spread epidemics among them. Therefore, the study of the prey-predator system in the presence of an infectious disease is an important topic because the disease affects the system's dynamics and its existence. The presence of the hunting cooperation characteristic and the induced fear in the prey community impairs the growth rate of the prey and therefore affects the presence of the predator as well. Therefore, this research is interested in studying an eco-epidemiological system that includes the above factors. Therefore, an eco-epidemiological prey-predator model incorporating predation fear and cooperative hunting is built and examined. It is considered that the disease in the predator is of the SIS kind, which means that the infected predator can recover and become susceptible through medical treatment. All possible equilibrium points have been found. The solution's positivity and boundedness are examined. Local and global stability analyses are performed. The uniform persistence conditions are established. The local bifurcation around the equilibrium points is studied. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to validate the obtained results and comprehend the parameter impact on system dynamics.

Global Stability of a Delayed Model for the Interaction of SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 and Adaptive Immunity

A. M. Elaiw — 2024-01-16

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the culprit behind the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed millions of people. SARS-CoV-2 binds its spike (S) protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to inter the epithelial cells in the respiratory tracts. ACE2 is a crucial mediator in the SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model to describe the SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction and the adaptive immunological response. The model predicts the effects of latently infected cells as well as immunological responses from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and antibodies. The model is incorporated with three distributed time delays: (i) delay in the formation of latently infected epithelial cells, (ii) delay in the activation of latently infected epithelial cells, (iii) delay in the maturation of new released SARS-CoV-2 virions. We show that the model is well-posed and it admits five equilibria. The stability and existence of the equilibria are precisely controlled by four threshold parameters R_i, i=0,1,2,3. By formulating suitable Lyapunov functions and applying LaSalle's invariance principle, we show the global asymptotic stability for all equilibria. To demonstrate the theoretical results, we conduct numerical simulations. We do sensitivity analysis and identify the most sensitive parameters. We look at how the latent phase, ACE2 receptors, antibody and CTL responses, time delays affect the dynamical behavior of SARS-CoV-2. Although the basic reproduction number R₀ is unaffected by the parameters of antibody and CTL responses, it is shown that viral replication can be hampered by immunological activation of antibody and CTL responses. Further, our findings indicate that R₀ is affected by the rates at which the ACE2 receptor grows and degrades. This could provide valuable guidance for the development of receptor-targeted vaccines and medications. Furthermore, it is shown that, increasing time delays can effectively decrease R₀ and then inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication. Finally, we show that, excluding the latently infected cells in the model would result in an overestimation of R₀.

Associative Types in a Semi-Brouwerian Almost Distributive Lattice With Respect to the Binary Operation ρ

V.V.V.S.S.P.S. Srikanth — 2024-01-16

In this paper, we exhibit a detailed analysis of non-associativity and non-commutativity of the binary operation ρ in a semi-Brouwerian almost distributive lattice and characterize the algebraic structure in terms of the different associative types.

Bipolar Fuzzy Almost Quasi-Ideals in Semigroups

Pannawit Khamrot — 2024-01-16

The aim of paper, we give the concept bipolar fuzzy, almost quasi-ideal in semigroups. We present the properties of bipolar fuzzy, almost quasi-ideals in semigroups. Moreover, we prove the relationship between almost quasi-ideals and bipolar fuzzy quasi-ideals in semigroups.

New Approach to Solving Fuzzy Multiobjective Linear Fractional Optimization Problems

Jean De La Croix Sama — 2024-01-08

In this paper, an iterative approach based on the use of fuzzy parametric functions is proposed to find the best preferred optimal solution to a fuzzy multiobjective linear fractional optimization problem. From this approach, the decision-maker imposes tolerance values or termination conditions for each parametric objective function. Indeed, the fuzzy parametric values are computed iteratively, and each fuzzy fractional objective is transformed into a fuzzy non-fractional parametric function using these values of parameters. The core value of fuzzy numbers is used to transform the fuzzy multiobjective non-fractional problem into a deterministic multiobjective non-fractional problem, and the ε-constraint approach is employed to obtain a linear single objective optimization problem. Finally, by setting the value of parameter ε, the Dangtzig simplex method is used to obtain an optimal solution. Therefore, the number of solutions is equal to the number of used values, and the optimal solution is chosen according to the preference of the decision-maker. We have provided a didactic example to highlight the step of our approach and its numerical performances.

Weakly p(Λ, p)-Open Functions and Weakly p(Λ, p)-Closed Functions

Chawalit Boonpok — 2024-01-08

Our main purpose is to introduce the concepts of weakly p(Λ, p)-open functions and weakly p(Λ, p)-closed functions. Moreover, several characterizations of weakly p(Λ, p)-open functions and weakly p(Λ, p)-closed functions are investigated.

Cooperative Investment Problem With an Authoritative Risk Determined by Central Bank

Anwar Almualim — 2024-01-08

In this paper, we are interested in providing an analytic solution for cooperative investment risk. We reformulate cooperative investment risk by writing dual representations for each risk preference (Coherent risk measure). Finding an analytic solution for this problem for both cases individual and cooperative investment by using dual representation for each risk preference has a strong effect on the financial market. In addition, we formulate a problem that covers the risk minimization with an expected return maximization problem with risk constraint, for the general case of an arbitrary joint distribution for the asset return under certain conditions and assuming that all coherent risk measure is continuous from below. Thus, the optimal portfolio is written as the optimal Lagrange multiplier associated with an equality-constrained dual problem. Furthermore, a unique equilibrium allocation as a fair optimal allocation solution in terms of equilibrium price density function for each agent is also shown.

Applications of Bipolar Fuzzy Almost Ideals in Semigroups

Pannawit Khamrot — 2024-01-08

In this paper, we give the concept of bipolar fuzzy almost ideal, minimal almost bipolar fuzzy ideals, and prime (semiprime, strongly prime) bipolar fuzzy almost ideals in semigroups. We investigate the basic properties of bipolar fuzzy almost ideals in semigroups. Finally, we study the relationship between almost ideals and bipolar fuzzy almost ideals in semigroups.

Effects of Rotation and Magnetic Field on Rayliegh Benard Convection

Abdelfatah Abasher — 2024-01-08

In this paper, a numerical method based on the Chebyshev tau method is applied to analyze the effects of rotation and magnetic fields on Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The rotation and magnetic fields are assumed to be parallel to the vertical direction. The perturbation equations and boundary conditions are analyzed using normal mode analysis. The equations are then converted into a non-dimensional form and transformed into a generalized eigenvalue problem of the form AX=RBX, where R represents the eigenvalue corresponding to the Rayleigh number. The MATLAB software package is utilized to determine the relationship between the Rayleigh number and the Taylor number (rate of rotation), as well as the relationship between the Rayleigh number and the magnetic parameter (strength of the magnetic field) for different boundary conditions (free-free, rigid-rigid, or one free and the other rigid). The numerical and graphical results are presented and found to be in full agreement with the results obtained from previous analytical and numerical studies of the problem.

Mathematical Modeling for a CHIKV Transmission Under the Influence of Periodic Environment

Miled El Hajji — 2024-01-03

We studied a simple mathematical model for the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) spread under the influence of a seasonal environment with two routes of infection. We investigated the existence and the uniqueness of a bounded positive solution, and we showed that the system admits a global attractor set. We calculated the basic reproduction number R₀ for the both cases, the fixed and seasonal environment which permits us to characterise both, the extinction and the persistence of the disease with regard to the values of R₀. We proved that the virus-free equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable if R₀≤1, while the disease will persist if R₀>1. Finally, we gave some numerical examples confirming the theoretical findings.

Weighted Polynomial Approximation Error, Szegö Curve and Growth Parameters of Analytic Functions

Devendra Kumar — 2024-01-03

The Szegö curve is denoted by S_Ro={z∈C: |ze¹^−z|=R_o, |z|≤1} and let H_R be the class of functions analytic in G_R but not in G_R’ if R<R’, G_Ro=int S_Ro’, 0<R_o<R<1. In this paper we have studied growth parameters in terms of weighted polynomial approximation errors on S_Ro for the functions f∈H_R having rapidly increasing maximum modulus so that the order of f(z) is infinite.

Comparison of Test Statistics for Mean Difference Testing Between Two Independent Populations

Wasinee Pradubsri — 2024-01-03

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the efficiency of seven test statistics for mean difference testing between two independent populations. The evaluation was based on the probability of type I error and power of the test at 0.05 significance level under population distributions assumed to be normal, exponential, log-normal, gamma, and Laplace with equal sample sizes, and both equal and unequal variances. The results showed that for equal variance, the test statistics with the highest testing power controlled the probability of type I error were Z-test for normal and exponential distributions, Welch based on rank test (WBR) for log-normal and gamma distributions, and Mann-Whitney U test (MWU) for Laplace distribution. For unequal variance, Z-test was more efficient under normal, exponential, log-normal, and gamma distributions, while WBR was appropriate for Laplace distribution.

Instabilities and Stabilities of Additive Functional Equation in Paranormed Spaces

S. Karthikeyan — 2024-01-03

In this paper, we solve the general solution in vector space and prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following additive functional equation

in paranormed spaces by using the direct and fixed point methods. Also we present its pertinent counter examples for instabilities.

Bipolar Fuzzy Filters of Gamma-Near Rings

V. P. Vineela Korada — 2024-01-03

The main objective of this paper is to present the notation of bipolar fuzzy filters of Γ-near rings and ordered Γ-near rings. As a consequence, we deal with bipolar fuzzy prime ideals of Γ-near rings and ordered Γ-near rings. Also, we examine the one-to-one correspondence of bipolar fuzzy filters and crisp filters of Γ-near rings. Later, we define and study the homomorphism of ordered Γ-near rings.

On Some Graphs Based on the Ideals of JU-Algebras

Ali H. Hakami — 2024-01-03

We will construct few types of simple graphs (with no multiple edges or loops) based on the ideal annihilator, right ideal annihilator, left ideal annihilator for JU-algebras. We will also study some graph invariants, such as connectivity, regularity, and planarity for these graphs.