Perceptual Bias in Mobile Radar Chart Visualization: Untangling the Effects of Radial Axes, Data Series, and Screen Refresh
Main Article Content
Abstract
While radar charts are widely used for visualizing multivariate data across various fields, and mobile technology enables screen refresh for potentially enhanced viewing experiences, the impact of chart design and user interaction on visual perception remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the effects of radial axes, data series, and screen refresh on perceptual bias in mobile radar chart visualization. An experiment with 157 participants revealed non-significant main effects for all three factors but significant interactions between data series and both radial axes and screen refresh. These findings extend the theoretical understanding of radar chart visualization bias and offer practical implications for both chart creators and viewers.
Article Details
References
- M. Zeljko, P.M. Grove, A. Kritikos, Implicit Expectation Modulates Multisensory Perception, Attention Percept. Psychophys. 84 (2022), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02460-z.
- H. Oigawa, Y. Musha, Y. Ishimine, et al. Visualizing and Evaluating Finger Movement Using Combined Acceleration and Contact-Force Sensors: A Proof-of-Concept Study, Sensors 21 (2021), 1918. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051918.
- J. Oehrig, N. Kananizadeh, M. Wild, S. Rouhani, W. Odle, Applying Multivariate Techniques to Fingerprint Water Quality Impact of the Fundão Dam Breach within the Rio Doce Basin, Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 20 (2024), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4820.
- C. Coleman, D. Gotz, S. Eaker, E. James, T. Bice, S. Carson, S. Khairat, Analysing EHR Navigation Patterns and Digital Workflows among Physicians during ICU Pre-Rounds, Health Inf. Manag. J. 50 (2021), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1833358320920589.
- R. Spence, Information Visualization: An Introduction, Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07341-5.
- R. Gilsing, A. Wilbik, P. Grefen, et al. Defining Business Model Key Performance Indicators Using Intentional Linguistic Summaries, Softw. Syst. Model. 20 (2021), 965–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-021-00894-x.
- N.G. Thaker, T.N. Ali, M.E. Porter, T.W. Feeley, R.S. Kaplan, S.J. Frank, Communicating Value in Health Care Using Radar Charts: A Case Study of Prostate Cancer, J. Oncol. Pract. 12 (2016), 813–820. https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2016.011320.
- L. Cui, Z. Liu, Synergy between Research on Ensemble Perception, Data Visualization, and Statistics Education: A Tutorial Review, Attention, Percept. Psychophys. 83 (2021), 1290–1311. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02212-x.
- M.M. Porter, P. Niksiar, Multidimensional Mechanics: Performance Mapping of Natural Biological Systems Using Permutated Radar Charts, PLOS ONE 13 (2018), e0204309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204309.
- S. Chiang, R. Moss, A.P. Black, et al. Evaluation and Recommendations for Effective Data Visualization for Seizure Forecasting Algorithms, JAMIA Open 4 (2021), ooab009. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab009.
- J. Sui, E. Ohrling, G.W. Humphreys, Negative Mood Disrupts Self- and Reward-Biases in Perceptual Matching, Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 69 (2016), 1438–1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2015.1122069.
- W. Peng, Y. Li, Y. Fang, Y. Wu, Q. Li, Radar Chart for Estimation Performance Evaluation, IEEE Access 7 (2019), 113880–113888. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933659.
- T. Leary, S. Ridley, K. Burchett, et al. Assessing Critical Care Unit Performance: A Global Measure Using Graphical Analysis, Anaesthesia 57 (2002), 751–755. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02692.x.
- Y.L. Wang, Y.J. Li, Comprehensive Evaluation of Power Transmission and Transformation Project Based on Improved Radar Chart, Adv. Mater. Res. 354–355 (2011), 1068–1072. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.354-355.1068.
- M.R. Dintzner, E.C. Nemec, K. Tanzer, B. Welch, Using Radar Plots for Curricular Mapping to Visualize Assessment in a New Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Amer. J. Pharm. Educ. 79 (2015), 121. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798121.
- C. Kalonia, O.S. Kumru, J.H. Kim, et al. Radar Chart Array Analysis to Visualize Effects of Formulation Variables on IgG1 Particle Formation as Measured by Multiple Analytical Techniques, J. Pharm. Sci. 102 (2013), 4256–4267. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.23738.
- M. Millecamp, N.N. Htun, Y. Jin, K. Verbert, Controlling Spotify Recommendations: Effects of Personal Characteristics on Music Recommender User Interfaces, in: Proceedings of the 26th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, ACM, Singapore Singapore, 2018: pp. 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1145/3209219.3209223.
- D.C. Hernandez-Bocanegra, J. Ziegler, Effects of Interactivity and Presentation on Review-Based Explanations for Recommendations, arXiv:2105.11794 [cs.HC] (2021). https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2105.11794.
- M. Nolan, R. Siwani, H. Helmi, et al. Health IT Usability Focus Section: Data Use and Navigation Patterns among Medical ICU Clinicians during Electronic Chart Review, Appl. Clin. Inform. 08 (2017), 1117–1126. https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-06-RA-0110.
- C. Yan, Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, et al. Perceptual Scale Expansion: A Natural Design for Improving the Precision of Motor Control, Quart. J. Exp. Psychol. 76 (2023), 1481–1496. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218221115075.
- Euromonitor, 2021. Lifestyles Survey of 2021. https://www.portal.euromonitor.com/portal/dashboard/index#/. Accessed on July 4, 2021.
- Y. Albo, J. Lanir, P. Bak, S. Rafaeli, Off the Radar: Comparative Evaluation of Radial Visualization Solutions for Composite Indicators, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 22 (2016), 569–578. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467322.
- E. Babbie, The Basics of Social Research, Cengage Learning, Stamford, (2013).
- S. Muylle, R. Moenaert, M. Despontin, The Conceptualization and Empirical Validation of Web Site User Satisfaction, Inf. Manag. 41 (2004), 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(03)00089-2.
- National Statistical Office, Population 15 Years and Over by Level of Educational Attainment, Sex and Province: 2022. https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/downloadFile/stat_impt/ic/file_xls_en. Accessed on Jan. 14, 2023.
- C. Tangmanee, P. Jittarat, Effects of Scale Orientations, Scale Formats, and Background Display Styles on Thai High School Students’ Bar Graph Visualization, The International Journal of Business and Information 8 (2013), 229-246. https://doi.org/10.6702/ijbi.2013.8.2.3.